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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the scapula?
Which muscle is responsible for upward rotation of the scapula?
What is the type of joint that forms the acromioclavicular joint?
What is the type of joint that forms the acromioclavicular joint?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a part of the brachial plexus?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a part of the brachial plexus?
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the depression of the scapula?
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the depression of the scapula?
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What is the function of the superior acromioclavicular ligament?
What is the function of the superior acromioclavicular ligament?
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What is the main contents of the axilla?
What is the main contents of the axilla?
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Which muscle is involved in the downward rotation of the scapula?
Which muscle is involved in the downward rotation of the scapula?
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Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch from the roots of the brachial plexus?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch from the roots of the brachial plexus?
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Which nerves are responsible for the innervation of the serratus anterior muscle?
Which nerves are responsible for the innervation of the serratus anterior muscle?
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What is the number of trunks in the formation of the brachial plexus?
What is the number of trunks in the formation of the brachial plexus?
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Which cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to the ulnar nerve?
Which cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to the ulnar nerve?
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Which muscle is responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm?
Which muscle is responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm?
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What is the number of groups of axillary lymph nodes?
What is the number of groups of axillary lymph nodes?
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Which inter-muscular space is bounded by the teres major and the long head of the triceps?
Which inter-muscular space is bounded by the teres major and the long head of the triceps?
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Which nerve is NOT a branch of the posterior cord?
Which nerve is NOT a branch of the posterior cord?
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Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the teres major muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for the innervation of the teres major muscle?
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Which of the following nerves is responsible for the innervation of the subclavius muscle?
Which of the following nerves is responsible for the innervation of the subclavius muscle?
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What is the total number of divisions in the formation of the brachial plexus?
What is the total number of divisions in the formation of the brachial plexus?
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What is the shape of the axilla?
What is the shape of the axilla?
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Which structure forms the anterior wall of the axilla?
Which structure forms the anterior wall of the axilla?
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Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla above the teres major?
Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla above the teres major?
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What is the contents of the quadrangular space?
What is the contents of the quadrangular space?
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What is the origin of the teres major muscle?
What is the origin of the teres major muscle?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Shoulder Joint
- Teres major: origin from the lower 1/3 of the dorsum of the lateral border of the scapula, insertion into the medial lip of the bicipital groove, nerve supply from the lower subscapular nerve (C5,6), and action includes extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the arm.
Inter-muscular Spaces
- Quadrangular space: boundaries include superiorly - subscapularis, inferiorly - teres major, medially - long head of triceps, and laterally - shaft of the humerus; contents include axillary (circumflex) nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels.
- Upper triangular space: boundaries include superiorly - teres minor, inferiorly - teres major, and laterally - long head of triceps; contents include radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.
- Lower triangular space: boundaries include superiorly - teres major, inferiorly - teres major, and laterally - surgical neck of the humerus; contents include radial nerve and profunda brachii artery.
The Axilla
- Definition: a pyramidal space between the upper part of the chest and the upper part of the arm.
- Shape: apex, base, and 4 walls.
- Walls: anterior wall formed by pectoralis major, subclavius, and pectoralis minor; posterior wall formed by scapula overlaid by subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi.
Shoulder Girdle
- Bones forming it: clavicle and scapula.
- Joints: acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular.
- Ligaments: superior and inferior acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular, costoclavicular, and interclavicular.
Movements of the Scapula
- Elevation: levator scapulae, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior.
- Depression: pectoralis minor, lower trapezius, and rhomboids.
- Protraction: serratus anterior and pectoralis minor.
- Retraction: rhomboids and middle trapezius.
- Upward rotation: upper trapezius, serratus anterior, and levator scapulae.
- Downward rotation: rhomboids, levator scapulae, and pectoralis minor.
Brachial Plexus
- Definition: formed by the anterior rami of the lower 4 cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves.
- Formation: 5 stages - roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.
- Roots: ventral rami of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves.
- Trunks: 3 in the neck - upper, middle, and lower trunks.
- Divisions: 6 behind the clavicle - anterior and posterior divisions of each trunk.
- Cords: 3 in the axilla - lateral, medial, and posterior cords.
- Branches: dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve, nerve to subclavius, suprascapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of median nerve, medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial root of median nerve, ulnar nerve, upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, and radial nerve.
Axillary Lymph Nodes
- Arranged in 5 groups.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the shoulder joint, including the teres major muscle, its origin, insertion, nerve supply, and action, as well as the intermuscular spaces.
