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Questions and Answers
What is tissue?
A group of similar cells with similar functions.
What does histology study?
The microscopic study of tissue structure.
What are the four basic types of tissue?
All epithelial tissues are vascular.
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Which of the following is a hallmark of epithelium?
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What are microvilli?
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What is the function of goblet cells?
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Which junctions bind epithelial cells together?
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What role does epithelial tissue play in protecting underlying structures?
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What is the purpose of secretion in epithelial tissues?
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The ______ tissue allows many substances to move through it.
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How are epithelial cells classified according to the number of cell layers?
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Study Notes
Overview of Tissues
- Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that perform common functions.
- Structure of tissue is closely linked to its function.
- Histology is the microscopic study of tissue structure.
Changes in Tissues
- Tissue changes can occur due to:
- Development
- Growth
- Aging
- Trauma
- Disease
Four Basic Types of Tissue
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
- Present throughout the body, covering external and internal surfaces.
- Forms outer layer of skin and lines cavities (e.g., digestive tract, airways, blood vessels).
- Constitutes most glands in the body.
Hallmarks of Epithelium
- Primarily composed of tightly packed cells.
- Covers body surfaces and is nonvascular (lacks blood vessels).
- Exhibits regeneration capabilities.
Distinct Cell Surfaces
- Free Surface: Not in contact with other cells; exposed to environment.
- Basal Surface: Interfaces with a basement membrane, anchoring epithelium to underlying tissues.
- Basement Membrane: Thin, permeable layer assisting in tissue attachment.
Cellular Structures
- Microvilli: Extensions increasing surface area for absorption/secretion (e.g., in small intestine).
- Cilia: Propel materials across epithelial surfaces (e.g., in the trachea).
- Goblet Cells: Specialized mucus-producing cells found within ciliated epithelium.
Cell and Matrix Connection
- Epithelial cells form continuous sheets, tightly bound together.
- Specialized cell junctions include:
- Tight Junctions: Prevent permeability between adjacent cells.
- Desmosomes: Provide mechanical strength by linking cells.
- Hemidesmosomes: Anchor cells to the basement membrane.
- Gap Junctions: Allow small molecules/ions to pass between cells.
Functions of Epithelia
- Protecting Underlying Structures: Shields tissues from abrasions (e.g., skin, oral cavity).
- Acting as a Barrier: Restricts movement of substances (e.g., skin prevents water loss).
- Permitting the Passage of Substances: Facilitates diffusion of gases in the lungs.
- Secreting Substances: Comprises glands (e.g., sweat, mucous glands).
- Absorbing Substances: Regulates absorption of materials via carrier proteins (e.g., in intestines).
Classification of Epithelium
- Based on the number of cell layers:
- Simple Epithelium: Consists of one layer of cells.
- Stratified Epithelium: Comprises multiple layers of cells.
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Description
This quiz covers Module 4 of the Anatomy and Physiology course, focusing on tissues, glands, and membranes. It explores the basic types of tissues, their structure, function, and the changes they undergo due to various factors. Test your knowledge on histology and the implications of tissue changes in health and disease.
