Anatomy Midterms 1st Sem

The joint between the femur and tibia is a hinge joint.

The tibialis posterior tendon primarily inserts on the navicular bone.

The superior gluteal artery is not part of the trochanteric anastomosis.

The sacrospinous ligament converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina and prevents upward rotation of the sacrum.

The sacrospinous ligament is a strong and triangular shaped ligament.

The sacrospinous ligament is attached to the base of the lateral part of the coccyx and sacrum, and apex to the ischium tuberosity.

The biceps femoris muscle in the posterior thigh compartment has dual innervation.

The tibialis posterior tendon inserts on the navicular bone.

The vastus lateralis muscle, located in the anterior thigh, receives its nerve supply from the femoral nerve which arises from L2, L3, and L4 nerve roots.

The artery to the vas deferens, supplying the vas deferens, arises from the inferior vesical artery.

The superficial external pudendal artery, a branch of the femoral artery, supplies the skin of the scrotum in males and the labium majus in females.

The peroneus longus tendon runs through the superior peroneal retinaculum, a strong fibrous band that helps hold the tendon in place.

The muscles that abduct the toes (move them away from the midline) are located in the 4th layer of the foot.

The abductor digiti minimi muscle, a muscle within the 1st layer of the foot, is supplied by the lateral plantar nerve.

The flexor tendons of the index and middle fingers share a common synovial sheath, which helps to reduce friction during finger flexion.

The ligamentum flavum is a strong ligament found within the vertebral canal, connecting adjacent vertebral laminae.

The common peroneal nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve, responsible for innervating muscles and providing sensory input to the lower leg and foot.

The lateral cutaneous nerve emerges from the lumbar plexus (L2 and L3) and supplies sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh and knee.

The lateral cutaneous nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh and knee.

The tensor fascia lata muscle is responsible for flexing and abducting the thigh, as well as internally rotating the thigh.

The quadratus plantae brevis muscle is a small, deep muscle in the foot that assists in plantar flexion (pointing the toes down).

The pudendal nerve passes through this foramen on its way to the perineum. It is formed by the lesser sciatic notch.

The popliteus muscle does NOT assist in knee flexion. It helps with knee extension and rotation.

A forceful contraction of the sartorius muscle can lead to an avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine in athletes.

The membranous layer is a superficial fascial layer in the thigh, located just below the inguinal ligament and attached to the fascia lata.

The cribriform fascia is a condensation of extraperitoneal tissue that closes off the femoral ring.

A foramen is a hole or opening in a bone. It allows for nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and other structures to pass through.

The common peroneal nerve pierces the peroneus longus muscle before dividing into its terminal branches, the superficial and deep peroneal nerves.

The pelvic diaphragm is formed by the levator ani and coccygeus muscles, which create a muscular floor for the pelvis.

Three of the four perforating arteries of the thigh are branches of the profunda femoris artery, a major branch of the femoral artery.

Perforating veins connect the superficial venous system to the deep venous system, allowing blood to flow between these networks.

An increased femoral neck-shaft angle is called coxa valga.

A decrease in the femoral neck-shaft angle is called coxa vara.

Coxa plana is a condition where the femoral head is flattened, often due to avascular necrosis.

Coxa baja describes a condition where the femoral head is abnormally low, causing a shortened leg.

The popliteus muscle is absent in approximately 40% of individuals.

The saphenous opening, located in the thigh, is filled with loose connective tissue known as Cribriform fascia.

The superior gemellus muscle is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus.

Recurrent patellar dislocations occurring at birth are often due to an incompetent medial patellofemoral ligament.

The superior vesical artery, providing blood to the upper bladder region, originates from the umbilical artery.

The sacroischial ligament connects the back of the sacrum to the spine of the ischium, helping stabilize the pelvis.

The flexor digitorum longus tendon inserts on the distal phalanx of the second toe.

The oblique popliteal ligament helps strengthen the knee joint by limiting its extension and rotation.

This small, deep muscle assists in plantar flexion of the foot, essentially pointing the toes downwards.

The Sural nerve runs underneath the superior peroneal retinaculum, a fibrous band that stabilizes tendons.

It's the terminal branch of the Common Peroneal Nerve, arising from the sciatic nerve, controlling muscles and sensation in the lower leg and foot.

It pierces the peroneus longus muscle before dividing into its two branches: the deep and superficial peroneal nerves.