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What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for flexion?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for flexion?
Clavicular head of pectoralis major, anterior fibers of deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii.
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for extension?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for extension?
Teres major, latissimus dorsi, sternocostal head of pectoralis major, posterior fibers of deltoid.
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for abduction?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for abduction?
Supraspinatus, deltoid, upper and lower fibers of trapezius, lower 5 digitations of serratus anterior.
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for adduction?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for adduction?
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What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for medial rotation?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for medial rotation?
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What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for lateral rotation?
What are the muscle actions of the shoulder joint for lateral rotation?
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What are the contents of the axilla?
What are the contents of the axilla?
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What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
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What are the types of shoulder ligaments?
What are the types of shoulder ligaments?
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What are the types of bursae in the shoulder?
What are the types of bursae in the shoulder?
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What are the lateral cord nerves?
What are the lateral cord nerves?
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What are the medial cord nerves?
What are the medial cord nerves?
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What are the posterior cord nerves?
What are the posterior cord nerves?
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What nerves come from the roots?
What nerves come from the roots?
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What nerves come from the upper trunk?
What nerves come from the upper trunk?
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What are three examples of nerve injuries and their consequences?
What are three examples of nerve injuries and their consequences?
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What muscles are supplied by two nerves?
What muscles are supplied by two nerves?
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What are the boundaries of the snuff box?
What are the boundaries of the snuff box?
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What articulations are present in the wrist?
What articulations are present in the wrist?
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What type of joint is the wrist?
What type of joint is the wrist?
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What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
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What are the manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome?
What are the manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome?
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What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?
What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?
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What muscles are included in the thenar muscles?
What muscles are included in the thenar muscles?
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What muscles are included in the hypothenar muscles?
What muscles are included in the hypothenar muscles?
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What are the small muscles of the hand?
What are the small muscles of the hand?
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What structures pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum?
What structures pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum?
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What structures pass deep to the flexor retinaculum?
What structures pass deep to the flexor retinaculum?
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Study Notes
Shoulder Joint Muscle Actions
- Flexion: Clavicular head of pectoralis major, Anterior fibers of deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii
- Extension: Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Sternocostal head of pectoralis major, Posterior fibers of deltoid
- Abduction: Supraspinatus (initiation from 0-15°, Deltoid (15° - 90°), Raising the arm above the head (i.e. above 90°) takes place by lateral rotation of the scapula (done by upper & lower fibers of trapezius + lower 5 digitations of serratus anterior).
- Adduction: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Subscapularis
- Medial Rotation: Pectoralis major, Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Subscapularis, Anterior fibers of deltoid
- Lateral Rotation: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Posterior fibers of deltoid
Axilla
- Apex boundaries: Anterior (clavicle), Posterior (Upper border of Scapula), Medial (Outer border of first Rib)
- Base walls: Anterior (Pectoralis Major &Minor, Subclavius Muscle, Clavi-pectoral fascia - PPSC), Posterior (Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi, Teres Major muscle - SLT), Medial (Serratus anterior, Upper 4 ribs, Intercostal muscles - S4IM), Lateral (Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii - CB)
- Contents: Cords and branches of brachial plexus, Axillary artery and its branches, Axillary vein, Axillary Lymph node
Cubital Fossa
- Contents: Biceps brachii tendon, Median nerve, Radial nerve (deep branch), Brachial artery that divides into Ulnar & Radial arteries
Shoulder Ligaments
- Types: Coraco humeral, Transverse humeral, Gleno humeral
Shoulder Bursa
- Types: Subscapularis bursa, Infraspinatus bursa, Subacromial bursa
Brachial Plexus Nerves
- Lateral Cord: Musculocutaneous nerve, Lateral pectoral nerve, Lateral root of median nerve
- Medial Cord: Medial pectoral nerve, Medial root of median nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Ulnar nerve
- Posterior Cord: Upper subscapular nerve, Lower subscapular nerve, Nerve to latissmos dorsi (Thoracodorsal), Radial nerve, Axillary nerve
Nerve Injuries
- Thoracic nerve injury: Winged scapula (paralysis of serratus anterior)
- C5,6 nerve injury: ERB’s paralysis (muscle atrophy: shoulder, flexors of elbow, extensors of fingers, deformity: Policeman waiter tip paralysis)
- C8,T1 nerve injury: Klumpke paralysis or palsy (Muscle atrophy: All the intrinsic muscles of the hand, Deformity: Claw hand)
Muscles Supplied by 2 Nerves
- Pectoralis major
- Brachialis
- Flexor digitorum profunds
- Subscapularis
Snuff-Box
- Boundaries: Anterior (abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis), Posterior (extensor pollicis longus)
- Contents: Radial artery, cephalic vein, Superficial branch of radial nerve
Wrist Joint
- Articulations: Above (Distal end of the radius & articular disc), Below (scaphoid, lunate, triquetram)
- Type: Synovial Ellipsoid
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Cause: Compression of median nerve in the carpal tunnel
- Manifestations: Burning pain, ‘pins & needles’, Weakness or atrophy of the thenar muscles, Inability to oppose the thumb
- Treatment: Making a long tudinal incision through flexor retinaculum
Hand Muscles
- Thenar: Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis
- Hypothenar: Abductor digitimin, Flexor digiti minimi, Opponens digit minimi
- Small Muscles: Lumbricals (4), Interosseipalmar (4), Interossei dorsal (5)
Structures Superficial to Flexor Retinculum
- Ulnar nerve
- Ulnar artery
- Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
- Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
- Palmaris longus tendon
Structures Deep to Flexor Retinculum
- Flexordigitorum superficialis
- Flexordigitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Median nerve
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscle actions of the shoulder joint, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial, and lateral rotation. This quiz will also cover the anatomical boundaries of the axilla and how various muscles contribute to these movements. Ideal for students in anatomy or physiology courses.