Anatomy Lab 4 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Label the ______ and dermis on a skin structure model

epidermis

What is another word for hypodermis?

Superficial Fascia

Show the difference in the ______, hair follicle and hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus) on a skin structure model

hair root

Show the location of an ______ on a skin structure model

<p>eccrine sweat gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of a ______ on a skin structure model

<p>Pacinian corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of an ______ on a skin structure model

<p>arrector pili muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of the ______ of dermis on a skin structure model

<p>reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of a ______ on a skin structure model

<p>sensory nerve fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of a ______ gland on a skin structure model

<p>sebaceous (oil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Show the location of dermal ______ on a skin structure model

<p>papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the layers of skin?

<p>Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cells of the epidermis?

<p>Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, Merkel Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant epidermal cell that functions mainly to produce keratin?

<p>Keratinocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are spidery black cells that produce brown-black pigment melanin?

<p>Melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are epidermal dendritic cells involved in immunity called?

<p>Langerhans Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are occasional spiky hemispheres that form sensitive touch receptors called?

<p>Merkel Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is missing from thin skin that is present in thick skin?

<p>Stratum Lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the stratum basale?

<p>Stratum germinativum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stratum spinosum?

<p>Cells divide in this layer and provide structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum granulosum known for?

<p>Waterproofing glycolipids and keratin fibrils formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stratum lucidum?

<p>Provides a protective barrier in thick skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the stratum corneum?

<p>Horny layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two principal regions of the dermis?

<p>Papillary layer, Reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the papillary layer?

<p>Contains dermal papillae that help create fingerprints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Meissner corpuscles?

<p>Sensitive to light touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Pacinian corpuscles?

<p>Sensitive to pressure and vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of cutaneous glands?

<p>Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sebaceous glands found?

<p>Everywhere but on palms of hands and soles of feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

<p>A mix of oily substances and fragmented cells that lubricate the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are blackheads a result of?

<p>Accumulation of dried sebum, bacteria, and melanin from epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for sweat glands?

<p>Sudoriferous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pores?

<p>Outlets for the sudoriferous glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of sweat glands?

<p>Eccrine glands, Apocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of eccrine glands?

<p>Distributed all over the body; produce clear fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of apocrine glands?

<p>Found in axillary and genital areas; secrete milky fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are phagocytic cells that occupy the dermis called?

<p>Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber?

<p>Merkel Disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the sensory receptors found in the skin.

<p>Meissner's Corpuscle, Pacinian Corpuscle, Merkel Discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epithelial membrane?

<p>An epithelial sheet bound to connective tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cutaneous membrane?

<p>Skin; a dry membrane with keratinizing epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mucous membrane?

<p>Epithelial cells lining open cavities, continuously bathed in secretions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mucosa contains goblet cells?

<p>Simple columnar ET and Pseudostratified columnar ET.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the serous membrane?

<p>Composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue, lining body cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are synovial membranes?

<p>Composed entirely of connective tissue, lining joint cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Structure and Layers

  • Epidermis: The outer layer of skin, primarily composed of keratinocytes.
  • Dermis: Located beneath the epidermis, it has two regions - papillary and reticular layers.
  • Hypodermis: Also known as superficial fascia, it lies beneath the dermis and consists of loose connective tissue and fat.

Skin Cells

  • Keratinocytes: Most abundant in the epidermis; produce keratin for protection and water retention.
  • Melanocytes: Produce melanin, which protects against UV radiation and provides skin color.
  • Langerhans Cells: Immune cells that help in fighting skin infections.
  • Merkel Cells: Function as touch receptors, allowing sensation of light touch.

Skin Layers

  • Stratum Basale (Germinativum): Deepest layer, continuously dividing to produce new cells.
  • Stratum Spinosum: Thick and spiky layer, providing strength and flexibility.
  • Stratum Granulosum: Contains granules for keratin production; marks the transition to dead cells.
  • Stratum Lucidum: Present only in thick skin; proves an additional layer for protection.
  • Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer composed of dead, keratinized cells that protect deeper layers.

Hair Structure

  • Hair Root: Enclosed in the follicle, where growth occurs.
  • Hair Shaft: Extends outside the skin surface.
  • Hair Bulb: Contains germinal cells for hair growth and is nourished by the dermal papilla.

Sweat and Sebaceous Glands

  • Sebaceous Glands: Produce sebum, keeping skin and hair moist; activate during puberty.
  • Eccrine Sweat Glands: Widely distributed, secrete water-based sweat for temperature regulation.
  • Apocrine Sweat Glands: Located in specific areas, secrete protein-rich sweat; associated with scent.

Sensory Receptors

  • Meissner's Corpuscles: Detect light touch and pressure.
  • Pacinian Corpuscles: Respond to deep pressure and vibration.
  • Merkel Discs: Act as sensory receptors for light touch.

Special Structures

  • Dermal Papillae: Projections that create fingerprints and increase the area of contact with the epidermis.
  • Arrector Pili Muscle: Small muscles attached to hair follicles; contract to produce "goosebumps."

Nails

  • Eponychium: Cuticle area of the nail.
  • Nail Matrix: Growth area of the nail; produces new nail cells.
  • Lanula: White crescent at the base of the nail, indicating the new keratinized cells.

Membranes

  • Epithelial Membranes: Include cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes, catering to different body functions.
  • Synovial Membranes: Composed solely of connective tissue; provide lubrication in joints.

Skin Conditions

  • Blackheads: Caused by dried sebum and debris in hair follicles.
  • Acne: Result of active bacterial infection in sebaceous glands.

General Knowledge

  • Carotene: A protein associated with skin color, found abundantly in the stratum corneum and hypodermis.
  • Bronzing: A sign of Addison's Disease, indicating a hypoactive adrenal cortex.

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Test your knowledge of skin structures with these anatomy flashcards. You'll label parts of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and various components related to hair and sweat glands. Perfect for anyone studying human anatomy and physiology.

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