Anatomy Joint Types and Muscle Patterns Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of joint is the symphysis pubis?

  • Secondary cartilaginous joint (correct)
  • Primary cartilaginous joint
  • Synovial joint
  • Fibrous joint

Which of the following muscles is described as having a multi-pennate pattern?

  • Quadriceps muscle
  • Deltoid muscle (correct)
  • Rectus abdominus muscle
  • Rectus femoris muscle

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

  • Hinge joint
  • Cartilaginous joint
  • Fibrous joint
  • Synovial joint (correct)

Which structure is not part of the intervertebral disc?

<p>Perforated cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone articulates with both the elbow joint and the wrist joint?

<p>Radius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elbow joint is classified as which type of joint?

<p>Uniaxial hinge joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is the patella categorized as?

<p>Sesamoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint classified as?

<p>Biaxial, ellipsoid joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the hip bone classified as?

<p>Irregular bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found in the porta hepatis of the liver?

<p>Pancreatic duct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radius and ulna are classified as which type of bone?

<p>Long bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is found in the small intestine?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The knee joint is classified as what type of joint?

<p>Modified hinge joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are categorized as short bones?

<p>Carpal bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What articulation does the head of the femur participate in?

<p>Hip joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles has a segmented form?

<p>Rectus abdominus muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is categorized as skeletal and has a circular form?

<p>Orbicularis oculi muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint are the sutures of the skull categorized as?

<p>Fibrous joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many tarsal bones are there in the human foot?

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for movements of supination and pronation?

<p>Pivot joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents food from entering the airways during swallowing?

<p>Epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the urinary system?

<p>Uterus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a condition where the placenta covers the cervix?

<p>Placenta previa marginalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is located above the thyroid cartilage?

<p>Hyoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the posterior wall of the urinary bladder?

<p>Rectum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the pouch located between the uterus and rectum?

<p>Douglas pouch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is primarily involved in the transport of air?

<p>Trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature protects the opening of the Eustachian tube?

<p>Conchae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?

<p>Connecting the uterus to the vagina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the utero-vesical pouch from the urinary bladder?

<p>Urinary bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Clavicle: What is the long bone called?

A long bone with an acromioclavicular joint on one end and a sternoclavicular joint on the other.

Scapula: What type of bone is this and where does it articulate?

A flat bone that articulates at the acromioclavicular joint and the shoulder joint.

Humerus: What type of bone forms the upper arm?

A long bone that forms the upper arm. It connects to the shoulder joint at the head and connects to the elbow joint at the lower end.

Ulna: What's this long forearm bone called?

A long bone in the forearm that forms the ulnar side of the forearm. It articulates with the elbow joint and the radioulnar joint.

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Radius: What bone is on the thumb side of the forearm?

A long bone in the forearm that forms the radial side of the forearm. It articulates with the elbow joint, radioulnar joint, and wrist joint.

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Sternoclavicular joint: What type of joint is this?

The joint where the clavicle meets the sternum. This is a synovial joint.

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Radioulnar Joints: What kind of joints are these?

This joint connects the radius and ulna. These are synovial joints, uniaxial, pivot joints. This joint allows for supination and pronation movements.

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Hip Bone: What type of bone is this?

An irregular bone found in the pelvis. It articulates at the symphysis pubis, sacroiliac joint, and hip joint.

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Femur: What is the long bone of the thigh called?

The long bone of the thigh. Its head articulates at the hip joint, and its lower end articulates at the knee joint.

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Patella: What type of bone is this, and what does it articulate with?

A sesamoid bone located in the knee that articulates with the femur.

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Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle tissue characterized by long, cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei. These cells are responsible for voluntary movement of the body.

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Fibrous Joint

A joint type where two bones are connected by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, allowing for limited to no movement.

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Syndesmosis

A specialized type of fibrous joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.

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Secondary Cartilaginous Joint

A type of joint characterized by the presence of a thin layer of hyaline cartilage between the articulating bones, allowing for limited movement.

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Hinge Joint

A synovial joint that allows movement in one plane, resembling a door hinge.

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Ellipsoid Joint

A type of synovial joint that allows movement about two axes, resembling a door hinge with an added ability to move sideways.

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Ball and Socket Joint

A type of synovial joint that allows movement in multiple planes, allowing for rotation and movement in different directions.

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Porta Hepatis

The opening in the liver where major blood vessels, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit.

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Midbrain

The part of the brain located between the pons and the diencephalon, responsible for visual and auditory reflexes, eye movement, and coordination.

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Tracheobronchial Tree

The tree-like structure of the respiratory system, composed of the trachea and bronchi, which is supported by hyaline cartilage to maintain its shape.

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What is the epiglottis?

A small, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage located at the top of the windpipe (trachea). It acts as a lid that closes over the opening of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the lungs.

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What is the superior surface of the urinary bladder?

The superior surface of the urinary bladder is the topmost part of the bladder. It is the region closest to the abdominal cavity and is involved in storing urine.

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What is the apex of the urinary bladder?

The apex of the urinary bladder is the most pointed part of the bladder. It is located at the top of the bladder and is the point where the bladder is attached to the abdominal wall.

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What is the prostate?

The prostate is a small gland that surrounds the urethra in men. It plays a role in producing fluids that help make up semen.

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What is the uterus?

The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located in the female pelvis. It is the site of fetal development during pregnancy.

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What is the urinary bladder?

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.

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What is the vagina?

The vagina is a muscular tube connecting the uterus to the outside of the body. It is the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth.

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What is the cervix?

The cervix is the lower, narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina.

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What is the rectum?

The rectum is the final part of the large intestine, responsible for storing feces before defecation.

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What is the recto-uterine pouch?

The recto-uterine pouch, also known as Douglas' pouch, is a deep recess in the pelvic cavity located between the rectum and the uterus.

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Study Notes

Bones

  • Clavicle:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Lateral end (Acromioclavicular joint), Medial end (Sternoclavicular joint)
    • Anatomical parts: Acromial (lateral) end, Sternal (medial) end, Shaft
  • Scapula:

    • Type: Flat bone
    • Articulations: Acromioclavicular joint, Shoulder joint
    • Anatomical parts: Medial, Lateral, Spine
  • Humerus:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Head (Shoulder joint), Lower end (Elbow joint)
    • Anatomical parts: Head, Shaft, Lower End
  • Ulna:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Elbow joint, Radioulnar joint
    • Anatomical parts: Upper End (trochlear notch, olecranon, radial notch, tuberosity of ulna), Shaft, Head (head of ulna)
  • Radius:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Elbow joint, Radioulnar joint, Wrist joint
    • Anatomical parts: Head, Neck, Shaft, Lower End (dorsal tubercle, ulnar notch, styloid process)
  • Carpal bone:

    • Type: Short bone
  • Metacarpal bone:

    • Type: Long bone
  • Phalanges:

    • Type: Long bone
  • Hip bone:

    • Type: Irregular bone
    • Articulations: Symphysis pubis (2ry cartilaginous joint), Sacroiliac joint (synovial joint), Hip joint (synovial)
    • Anatomical parts: Ilium, Pubic bone, Ischial bone
  • Femur:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Head of femur (Hip joint), Lower end (Knee joint)
    • Anatomical parts: Head, Shaft, Lower End
  • Patella:

    • Type: Sesamoid
    • Articulations: Knee joint (with femur)
  • Tibia and Fibula:

    • Type: Long bone
    • Articulations: Knee joint, ankle joint, tibiofibular joints
    • Anatomical parts: Head, Shaft, Upper End, Lower End (medial malleolus, lateral malleolus)
  • Tarsal bones:

    • Type: Short bone
  • Metatarsal bones:

    • Type: Long bone
  • Phalanges (foot):

    • Type: Long bone
  • Skull cap:

    • Type: Flat bone

Joints

  • Sternoclavicular joint:

    • Type: Synovial joint
  • Fibrous: Syndesmosis (between distal end of tibia and fibula)

  • Intervertebral disc:

    • Type: Secondary cartilaginous joint
    • Components: Annulus fibrosus (peripheral part), Nucleus pulposus (central part)
  • Symphysis pubis:

    • Type: Secondary cartilaginous joint
    • Location: Between two hip bones
  • Elbow joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Biaxial type
    • Hinge joint
  • Knee joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Modified hinge
    • Articulations between femur, patella, and tibia
  • Wrist (Radiocarpal) joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Biaxial
    • Ellipsoid
  • Intercarpal joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Plane joint
  • Carpometacarpal joint of thumb:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Biaxial
    • Saddle joint
  • Shoulder joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Multi-axial joint
    • Ball and socket
  • Hip joint:

    • Type: Synovial
    • Multi-axial
    • Ball and socket structure

Muscles

  • Orbicularis oculi muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Circular
  • Temporalis muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Convergent or triangular
  • Biceps muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Parallel (fusiform)
  • Deltoid muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Multipennate
  • Rectus abdominus muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Segmented
  • Rectus femoris muscle:

    • Type: Skeletal
    • Form: Bipennate

Other Information

  • Hyoid bone:

    • Type: Irregular bone
  • Rib:

    • Type: Flat bone
    • Articulates posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae; anteriorly with costal cartilages

Respiratory System

  • Tracheobronchial tree:

    • Hyaline cartilage
  • Respiratory Tract:

    • Trachea
    • Secondary bronchus (Lobar)
    • Tertiary bronchus (Segmental)
    • Primary bronchus (Main)
  • ... additional elements for the system.

Cardiovascular System

  • ... additional elements for the system.

Digestive System

  • Stomach parts:
    • Fundus, Cardiac opening, Lesser curvature, Body, Pyloric opening, Pylorus, Greater curvature.
  • Small Intestine: Jejunum and ileum; smooth muscle.
  • Large Intestine: Right (hepatic) flexure, Pancreas, Transverse colon, Left (splenic) flexure, Haustrum, Ascending colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Vermiform appendix, Cecum, Ileocecal valve, Ilium, Duodenum, Teniae coli, Mesentary.
  • Salivary Glands: Parotid gland, Submandibular salivary gland
  • ...additional details for this system

Lymphatic System

  • ... additional details for this system.

Nervous System

  • Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
  • Brain stem, Cerebellum
  • Cerebral lobes: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
  • Structure of the spinal nerve, Dorsal horn, Ventral horn, Spinal cord, Dorsal root ganglion, Dorsal root, Spinal nerve, Ventral root.
  • ...additional details for this system.

Embryology

  • Spermiogenesis stages:

    • Golgi apparatus, Acrosomal vesicle, Mitochondria, Acrosome, Nucleus, Microtubules, Flagellum, Excess cytoplasm.
  • Anatomy of a Graafian follicle:

    • Antrum, Zona pellucida, Mature oocyte, Basement membrane, Theca, Granulosa cells, Cumulus oophorus; detailed structure.
  • ...

  • Development of the Zygote :

    • Zygote, 2 cell stage, 4-cell stage, 8-cell stage, Blastocyte, Morula, inner cell mass.
  • ...

  • Fraternal twins, separate eggs and sperms implant individually; different placentas.

  • Chorionic villi features: first, second, and third-order villi details; locations, etc

  • ...

  • Stages of development – stages, details of features

Urinary System

  • Kidney: Descending aorta, Inferior vena cava, Renal artery, Renal Hilum, Ureters, Left Kidney, Renal vein
  • Bladder: Urethra
  • Apex of bladder, Superior surface of bladder, Prostate.
  • ...details of the system.

Genital System

  • .. additional components.

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