Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which epidermal cell type is most closely associated with terminal nerve fibers and functions as a mechanoreceptor in the skin?
Which epidermal cell type is most closely associated with terminal nerve fibers and functions as a mechanoreceptor in the skin?
- Melanocyte
- Langerhans cell
- Keratinocyte
- Merkel cell (correct)
A muscle described as 'trapezius' is named according to what characteristic?
A muscle described as 'trapezius' is named according to what characteristic?
- Its attachments (correct)
- Its fiber direction
- Its shape
- Its size
Functional end arteries exclusively supply blood to which of the following structures?
Functional end arteries exclusively supply blood to which of the following structures?
- Liver
- Brain
- Kidneys
- Spleen
- All of the above (correct)
Which of the following must degenerate to allow for successful blastocyst implantation in the uterus?
Which of the following must degenerate to allow for successful blastocyst implantation in the uterus?
During early embryogenesis, the blastocyst invades the uterine endometrium, destroying endometrial tissues. What process facilitates this invasion?
During early embryogenesis, the blastocyst invades the uterine endometrium, destroying endometrial tissues. What process facilitates this invasion?
A physician determines a patient is in the fourth week of pregnancy. Which of the following is most accurate about the embryo at this stage?
A physician determines a patient is in the fourth week of pregnancy. Which of the following is most accurate about the embryo at this stage?
A secondary oocyte is arrested at which specific stage of meiosis at the time of ovulation?
A secondary oocyte is arrested at which specific stage of meiosis at the time of ovulation?
What is the key maturation event that spermatozoa undergo within the female reproductive tract to enable fertilization?
What is the key maturation event that spermatozoa undergo within the female reproductive tract to enable fertilization?
Which of the following is NOT a typical event during the pre-embryonic period?
Which of the following is NOT a typical event during the pre-embryonic period?
Which of the following occurs immediately after completion of meiosis II in oogenesis?
Which of the following occurs immediately after completion of meiosis II in oogenesis?
Flashcards
Merkel cell
Merkel cell
Epidermal cell associated with nerve fibers; functions as a mechanoreceptor
Papillary Layer
Papillary Layer
Layer of the dermis containing dermal papillae
Trapezius
Trapezius
Muscle named for its attachments
Stratum Basale
Stratum Basale
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Functional end arteries supply...
Functional end arteries supply...
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Degeneration for Blastocyst Implantation
Degeneration for Blastocyst Implantation
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Embryogenesis invasion.
Embryogenesis invasion.
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Capacitation
Capacitation
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Pronuclei
Pronuclei
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Septum transversum
Septum transversum
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Study Notes
- The skin is richly innervated and contains various sensory receptors
- Merkel cells are closely associated with terminal nerve fibers in the epidermis and act as mechanoreceptors
- The papillary layer is part of the dermis
- Muscles named according to their attachment include the trapezius, rhomboid, sternocleidomastoid, and deltoid
- The stratum basale is responsible for new cell production in the epidermis
- Structures supplied by functional end arteries include the brain, liver, kidneys, and spleen
- The functional layer of the endometrium must degenerate for blastocyst implantation
- On days 7-8 of embryogenesis, the blastocyst invades the endometrium in a process called penetration
- An embryo at the 4th week of pregnancy has a trophoblast present, but the syncytiotrophoblast has not yet formed
- A secondary oocyte is arrested at metaphase of meiosis II at the time of ovulation
- Capacitation is the final maturation process of spermatozoa that occurs in the female genital system
- Cleaving of the zygote, formation of the blastocyst, implantation of the blastocyst, and formation of extraembryonic membranes are features of the pre-embryonic period
- Formation of a female pronucleus occurs immediately following the completion of meiosis II in oogenesis
- The cleavage of the zygote during week 1 of development involves a series of meiotic divisions forming blastomeres, a decreased size of blastomeres
- Identical twins can have a common placenta and chorion, separate amnions
- Pericardioperitoneal canals provide space for the neural tube development
- The septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm
- Pronuclei are the haploid nuclei that fuse at fertilization
- Under a light microscope, the zona pellucida appears as a translucent membrane surrounding the primary oocyte, the zygote, the morula, and very early blastocyst
- Organs derived from neural crest cells include the suprarenal medulla and the musculature of blood vessels
- The primitive streak is formed during the second week of development and is the site of involution of epiblast cells to form mesoderm
- After folding of the head region, the structure lying just caudal to the pericardial cavity is the septum transversum
- The mature placental barrier consists of the endothelial lining of fetal capillaries, the cytotrophoblast, the syncytiotrophoblast, and the basement membrane of fetal capillaries
- An event of the third week of human embryonic development is that the neural plate is induced by the notochordal process and associated mesoderm
- The uteroplacental circulation is established
- The intervillous space contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, and maternal blood cells
- Polyhydramnios is excess amniotic fluid
- Urinary tract obstruction is the most likely fetal abnormality responsible for polyhydramnios
- Ectopic tubal pregnancy should be considered an option in the diagnosis for a sexually active woman with abdominal pain and internal bleeding
- Somites arise from segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm, differentiate into myotomes which give rise to skeletal muscle in trunk and limbs, and differentiate into sclerotomes which give rise to vertebrae
- Organs derived from mesoderm include skeletal musculature, musculature of blood vessels, and cardiac musculature
- Anencephaly is associated with increasing maternal age
- The sphenomandibular ligament is not part of the first branchial arch
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