Anatomy Course Modules Quiz

Anatomy Course Modules

• Includes three modules: General Anatomy, Avian Anatomy, Fish Anatomy
• General Anatomy explores the structure of the skeleton, joints, muscles, and integument (skin) of domestic animals.
• Avian Anatomy focuses on the general and systemic structure of birds.
• Fish Anatomy encompasses the general and systemic structure of fish.

Definition of Anatomy

• The study of the form and structure of dead and live organisms at both the macroscopic (gross) and microscopic levels.
• Literally, the word anatomy means "to cut apart."

The Scope of Anatomy

• Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy: Involves simple dissection using tools like scalpels, forceps, and scissors, where structures can be observed with the naked eye.
• Microscopic Anatomy: Focuses on the study of cells (cytology) and tissues (histology) using microscopes.
• Developmental Anatomy: Investigates the developmental stages of an organism, including the embryo, fetus, and postnatal stages.

Anatomy Course in the First Term of the First Year

General Anatomy

• Locomotor System: Includes skeletal structures involved in animal movement:
  • Passive structures: Bones and cartilages (Osteology) and joints (Syndesmology or Arthrology).
  • Active structures: Muscles (Myology).
• Integument System: Encompasses the skin and associated glands (such as mammary glands) and horny structures like hooves and horns.

2 - Special Anatomy

• Describes the structure of a single type or species, such as avian (bird) anatomy and fish anatomy.

Anatomy Course in the Second Term of the First Year

• Embryology: Covers general embryology from gametogenesis to placentation.
• Urogenital System: Includes the anatomy and development of the urinary, male, and female genital systems in domestic animals.

Anatomy Course in the First Term of the Second Year

• Digestive System: Explores the anatomy and development of the digestive system in domestic animals.
• Respiratory System: Examines the anatomy and development of the respiratory system in domestic animals.
• Lymphatic System: Covers the anatomy and development of lymphatic systems in domestic animals.

Anatomy Course in the Second Term of the Second Year

• Neuroanatomy: Includes the anatomy and development of the nervous system and sense organs (eye and ear).
• Cardiovascular System: Includes the anatomy and development of the cardiovascular system.
• Applied (Clinical) Anatomy: Applies anatomical knowledge to living subjects to examine different organs.

How are Living Things Organized?

• Atoms: The smallest chemical units.
• Molecules: A group of atoms working together.
• Macromolecules: A group of molecules working together.
• Organelles: A group of macromolecules working together.
• Cells: A group of organelles working together.
• Tissues: A group of similar cells working together.
• Organs: A group of different tissues working together.
• Organ Systems: A group of organs working together.
• Organism: An individual.

Anatomical Descriptive Terms

In the Trunk

• Dorsal: Toward the back (dorsum).
• Ventral: Toward the belly or abdomen (venter).
• Cranial: Toward the head (cranium = skull).
• Caudal: Toward the tail (cauda).
  • These terms are often combined, for example, craniodorsal, cranioventral, caudodorsal, and caudoventral.

In the Head

• Rostral: Toward the rostrum (nose) - replaces cranial in the trunk.
• Oral: Toward the mouth.
• Aboral: Away from the mouth.

In the Limbs

• Proximal: Toward the trunk (the part of the limb nearer the body).
• Distal: Away from the trunk (near the ground).
• Medial: Toward the median plane (to the inside).
• Lateral: Away from the median plane (to the outside).
• Cranial and Caudal: Used proximal to the carpus and tarsus.
• Dorsal: Used instead of cranial in the manus (i.e., carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges) of the forelimb and the pes (i.e., tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges) of the hindlimb.
• Palmar: Used instead of caudal in the manus region.
• Plantar: Used instead of caudal in the pes region.

Other Terms

Anatomical Planes

Planes of the Trunk

• Median Plane: Divides the trunk into equal right and left halves.
• Paramedian (Sagittal) Plane: Is parallel to the median plane.
• Transverse Plane: Is at right angles to the long axis of the trunk and divides the trunk into cranial and caudal segments.
• Dorsal (Horizontal) Plane: Is at right angles to the median and transverse plane of the trunk (the term frontal plane is not recommended). It divides the trunk into dorsal and ventral segments.
  • Note: The same planes of the trunk can be applied to the head.

Planes of the Limbs

• Median and Paramedian Planes: As in the trunk.
• Transverse Plane: Is vertical on the limb's long axis and divides the limb into proximal and distal segments.
• Dorsal Plane: Vertical on the paramedian and transverse planes, dividing the limb into cranial (dorsal) and caudal (palmer/plantar) segments.

Animal Species Names

Test your knowledge of Anatomy with a focus on General, Avian, and Fish Anatomy. This quiz will cover the structure of various organisms and the techniques used in macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Prepare to explore the intricacies of both dead and live specimens.