Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the liver's position in relation to the heart during radiographic interpretation?
What is the significance of the liver's position in relation to the heart during radiographic interpretation?
Which structure is located at the tracheal bifurcation?
Which structure is located at the tracheal bifurcation?
What anatomical part is covered by large amounts of fat and can be difficult to visualize during dissection?
What anatomical part is covered by large amounts of fat and can be difficult to visualize during dissection?
How many air sacs do most species typically possess?
How many air sacs do most species typically possess?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures can be identified by reflecting the heart and liver medially during dissection?
Which of the following structures can be identified by reflecting the heart and liver medially during dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
What function does the spleen serve in avian anatomy that is essential for radiographic interpretation?
What function does the spleen serve in avian anatomy that is essential for radiographic interpretation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organ in the reproductive tract of birds is highly vascularized and occupies a significant portion of the abdomen when birds are reproductively active?
Which organ in the reproductive tract of birds is highly vascularized and occupies a significant portion of the abdomen when birds are reproductively active?
Signup and view all the answers
In avian anatomy, which muscles make up the ventriculus, and what is its role?
In avian anatomy, which muscles make up the ventriculus, and what is its role?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of identifying kidney lobes during avian dissection?
What is the significance of identifying kidney lobes during avian dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is part of the gastrointestinal tract that should be removed to visualize other organs during dissection?
Which of the following structures is part of the gastrointestinal tract that should be removed to visualize other organs during dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the caudal thoracic air sacs in the avian respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the caudal thoracic air sacs in the avian respiratory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which section of the cloaca receives contents from the gastrointestinal tract?
Which section of the cloaca receives contents from the gastrointestinal tract?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Meckel's diverticulum signify in avian anatomy?
What does the Meckel's diverticulum signify in avian anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the spleen's location for radiographic interpretation?
What is the significance of the spleen's location for radiographic interpretation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle bands in the ventriculus are thick and dark in color?
Which muscle bands in the ventriculus are thick and dark in color?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the appropriate site for surgically incising the ventriculus to retrieve foreign objects?
Where is the appropriate site for surgically incising the ventriculus to retrieve foreign objects?
Signup and view all the answers
How many lobes are identified in the kidney and what are their names by location?
How many lobes are identified in the kidney and what are their names by location?
Signup and view all the answers
What substance fills the ureters as seen during organ observation?
What substance fills the ureters as seen during organ observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is notable about the spleen's appearance during dissection?
What is notable about the spleen's appearance during dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of muscle is the ventriculus arranged into?
What type of muscle is the ventriculus arranged into?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option describes the characteristics of the smaller muscle bands in the ventriculus?
Which option describes the characteristics of the smaller muscle bands in the ventriculus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main waste product identified in the ureters?
What is the main waste product identified in the ureters?
Signup and view all the answers
What action is recommended for observing the kidney lobes during dissection?
What action is recommended for observing the kidney lobes during dissection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the spleen in the context of radiographic interpretation?
What is the primary function of the spleen in the context of radiographic interpretation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily responsible for the transport of ova in the reproductive tract of birds?
Which structure is primarily responsible for the transport of ova in the reproductive tract of birds?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature should be observed when performing surgery on the ventriculus?
What anatomical feature should be observed when performing surgery on the ventriculus?
Signup and view all the answers
When identifying kidney lobes in birds, which characteristic is most notable?
When identifying kidney lobes in birds, which characteristic is most notable?
Signup and view all the answers
During gastrointestinal tract dissection, which organ lies directly after the estradiol-producing region?
During gastrointestinal tract dissection, which organ lies directly after the estradiol-producing region?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the intertarsal joint in avian anatomy?
What is the significance of the intertarsal joint in avian anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the proper incision technique for abdominal surgery in birds?
What is the proper incision technique for abdominal surgery in birds?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily involved in nutrient absorption in birds?
Which component of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily involved in nutrient absorption in birds?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical structure connects the upper bones of the foot to the tibiotarsus?
What anatomical structure connects the upper bones of the foot to the tibiotarsus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of palpating the last rib during an examination?
What is the purpose of palpating the last rib during an examination?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Gross Anatomy II - Avian
-
External Exam Objectives:
- Identify and palpate relevant musculoskeletal structures on a chicken carcass.
- Palpate and assess anatomical links of the thoracic and pelvic limbs.
- Visually inspect the carcass's body conformation and position of the avian skeleton.
- Understand the avian skeleton's position (hidden under contour feathers)
- Properly identify anatomical structures for proper restraint of the thoracic limb.
- Identify relevant soft tissues analyzed during physical examination
-
Internal Anatomy Objectives:
- Carefully dissect the chicken carcass to identify the anatomy in situ.
- Identify at least one intact air sac.
- Properly identify soft tissue organs (respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, and urogenital tracts).
- Practice incising the avian integument and plucking body feathers.
- Remove superficial organs to identify deeper anatomical structures.
- Differentiate muscular masses responsible for flight and injecting parenteral drugs.
External (physical) exam
- Body Condition: Palpate the keel (entire length) and visualize any fat deposits.
- Feather Tracts (Pterylae): Contour feathers are arranged in tracts, with bare areas (apteria) between tracts, important for blood collection.
- Pectoral Muscles: Superficial muscles are preferred for intramuscular injections.
- Abdominal Space: Place fingers between the distal keel and pubic bones for proper flat/concave assessment.
- Vent: Opening of the cloaca used for measuring body temperature and collecting samples.
- Crop and Thoracic Inlet: Locate the crop on the right side of the neck and identify the L&R jugular veins by spreading feathers.
- Clavicle and Coracoid Bones: Palpable bones connecting the shoulder girdle to the sternum; assess for luxations/fractures.
- Nares (Nostrils): Exam of the nostrils.
- Infraorbital Sinus: Triangular cavity, a common infection site (hypovitaminosis A).
- Eyes and Conjunctiva: Fold lower eyelid to assess eye condition (round, clear, shiny).
- Ear Canal: Examine ear canal size (varies by species).
- Comb and Wattle: Outgrowths of skin thickened with vascularity; color change indicates low oxygen levels.
External (physical) exam - Thoracic Limb (wing)
- Humerus: Pneumatic bone; common site for venipuncture.
- Elbow Joint: Observe and palpate.
- Radius and Ulna: Ulna is larger for supporting secondary flight feathers.
- Wrist (Carpal) Joint: Contains 2 bones(ulna/radial); site for intraosseous catheters insertion.
- Primary Flight Feathers: Attached to digits (manus) and major metacarpus; grow laterally.
- Secondary Flight Feathers: Attached to the ulna; grow in a medial direction.
- Axillary Feathers: Separate primary from secondary flight feathers.
- Alula Feather: Supported by the alular digit; important for landing.
- Patagium: Feathered fold between shoulder and carpal joint; major patagium ligament.
- Major Metacarpus and digits: Site for attachment to primary flight feathers.
External (physical) exam - Pelvic Limb (leg)
- Tarsometatarsus: Covered by scales and not feathers; a common site for venipuncture.
- Digital Pad: Soft tissue that can be infected (bumblefoot).
- Intertarsal/ Hock Joint: Joint for the ankle.
- Tibiotarsus: Tibia and upper foot bones fused; numerous feather tracts.
- Stifle (Knee) Joint: Observe and palpate joint articulation space; a possible insertion point for intraosseous catheter insertion.
- Femur: Possible to palpate underneath the heavy muscle mass.
- Synsacrum: Fused vertebrae forming a framework for support.
- Notarium: Fused thoracic vertebrae, with one free vertebra between notarium and synsacrum; possible for spinal fractures.
- Last Rib: Halfway between the spine and sternum, a site for placing air sac cannulas.
Internal Anatomy - Dissection Guide (Summary)
- Plucking Feathers: Gentle plucking procedure is indispensable for proper wound management.
- Incising Skin: Longitudinal incision from the sternum to vent.
- Separating Skin: Using fingers or forceps to separate the skin.
- Cutting through abdominal body wall: Examining organs in situ.
- Incising pectoralis Muscle: Reflecting the large muscle for examination.
- Removing pectoral Muscles and Rib Section: Removing the sternum.
- Identifying organs in situ (trachea, syrinx, esophagus, crop, jugular vein, thyroid gland, heart, liver, proventriculus, ventriculus, duodenum, pancreas, intestine, spleen, ceca, rectum, cloaca, kidneys, sacrolumbar plexus, ischiadic nerve).
- Identifying the reproductive tract (female) in situ.
- Identifying the cloaca. Identify the 3 compartments (Coprodeum, Urodeum, Proctodeum).
- Identifying the male reproductive organs. (Testes, Vas Deferens).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the gross anatomy of avian species, particularly chickens. It covers both external examinations, including musculoskeletal structures and anatomical links, as well as internal anatomy identification through dissection. Students will demonstrate their understanding of the avian skeleton and soft tissue anatomy.
