Questions and Answers
The steroid that tends to be deposited in arterial walls when it is excessively abundant in blood is?
cholesterol
Correct organic macromolecule for steroids, amino acids, polysaccharides, and RNA?
A molecule composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol is a?
phospholipid
What organelle helps the cell assemble proteins?
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The membrane forming the outer edge of the cytoplasm is the?
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The most abundant inorganic compound in the body is?
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Cell parts are also called?
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The form of carbohydrates transported in the blood is?
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Correct organic macromolecule for adipose tissue, antibodies, monosaccharides, and nucleotides?
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Correct organic macromolecule for glucose, DNA, glycerol, and enzyme?
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DNA and RNA are examples of large molecules called?
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The solvent in which the chemical reactions of life occur is?
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The organic base found only in DNA is?
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Excess nutrients are usually stored in the body as?
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Correct organic molecule for fatty acids, peptide bonds, phospholipids, and starch?
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Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids belong to the class of compounds known as?
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The class of organic compounds that are formed of amino acids is?
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The cell nucleus contains instructions for protein synthesis encoded in the?
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The storage form of carbohydrates in the body is?
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Correct organic macromolecules for genetic material, sugars, hemoglobin, and triglycerides?
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Energy for immediate cellular use is provided by?
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Glucose, fructose, and ribose are?
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A molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids is a?
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ATP differs from ADP in containing?
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The organelles that are the sites of ATP production are the?
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The semiliquid substance located between the nucleus and the cell membrane is the?
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The structural and functional units of the body are?
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The class of organic compounds that are the primary source of nutrient energy for the body is?
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Sex hormones and cholesterol are examples of a class of lipids known as?
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The class of lipids forming a major part of cell membranes is?
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Organic molecules are distinguished by containing?
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Study Notes
Macromolecules
- Cholesterol: A steroid that can accumulate in arterial walls when present in high blood levels.
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Organic Macromolecules:
- Lipids: Include steroids and triglycerides.
- Proteins: Made of amino acids, crucial for various cellular functions.
- Carbohydrates: Serve as the body's main source of energy, transported as glucose.
- Nucleic Acids: Include DNA and RNA, key for genetic information.
Cell Structure and Function
- Phospholipid: Composed of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and glycerol; essential for cell membranes.
- Ribosomes: Organelles responsible for protein assembly.
- Plasma Membrane: The outer membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of the cell.
- Water: The most abundant inorganic compound in the body; serves as a solvent for biochemical reactions.
Cell Components
- Organelles: Internal structures within cells that perform specific functions.
- Nucleus: Contains DNA that encodes protein synthesis instructions.
Energy Storage and Usage
- Triglycerides: Stored excess nutrients, composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Provides immediate energy for cellular functions; contains three phosphate groups.
- Mitochondria: Organelles where ATP is produced through cellular respiration.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: Simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and ribose.
- Glycogen: Storage form of carbohydrates in the body, mainly in the liver and muscle.
Lipids and Their Functions
- Lipids: Include triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids; important for energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone production.
- Phospholipids: Major components of cell membranes, providing a barrier and fluidity to cells.
- Steroids: Include hormones and cholesterol, vital for various physiological functions.
Nutrient Types and Composition
- Organic Molecules: Characterized by the presence of carbon and hydrogen.
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Classifications:
- Lipids: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids.
- Proteins: Made from amino acids; include enzymes and antibodies.
- Carbohydrates: Sugars and starches; primary energy source.
Genetic Material
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA are essential for heredity and protein synthesis; DNA contains thymine, while RNA does not.
Summary of Key Terms
- Cells: Basic structural and functional units of life.
- Cytoplasm: Semi-liquid substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane where organelles are suspended.
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Test your knowledge of key concepts from Anatomy Chapters 2 and 3 with these flashcards. Each card defines essential terms and concepts related to organic macromolecules and their functions in the body. Great for study sessions and quick reviews!
