Anatomy Chapter 9 Flashcards
38 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers?

  • Fascia
  • Epimysium
  • Perimysium
  • Endomysium (correct)

    • What is a bundle of muscle cells surrounded by a perimysium?

  • Myofibril
  • Fasicle (correct)
  • Striated muscle
  • Skeletal muscle

    • What connective tissue covers the exterior of a muscle organ?

  • Fascia
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium
  • Epimysium (correct)

    • What connective tissue surrounds muscle fiber bundles?

    <p>Perimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an individual muscle fiber known as?

    <p>Muscle cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the I band refer to in muscle structure?

    <p>The region that contains only thin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the H zone indicate?

    <p>The area of only thick filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the A band contain?

    <p>Both thick and thin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Z disc in muscle structure?

    <p>The boundary of a sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the M line's role in muscle structure?

    <p>Anchoring thick filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle fibers depend on oxygen delivery and aerobic mechanisms?

    <p>Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle fibers react quickly but fatigue easily?

    <p>Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are red fibers known as?

    <p>Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle fibers contain abundant amounts of glycogen?

    <p>Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which muscles are slow, fatigue-resistant fibers abundant?

    <p>Posture-maintaining muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle fiber type is found in successful marathon runners?

    <p>Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?

    <p>Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

    <p>a mixture of fiber types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of

    <p>intense exercise of short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by

    <p>increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motor units are recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?

    <p>motor units with larger, less excitable neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances: ________.

    <p>Ca2+ and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the velocity and duration of muscle contraction: ________.

    <p>load on the fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does myoglobin do?

    <p>stores oxygen in muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?

    <p>sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?

    <p>the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period.

    <p>latent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does creatine phosphate function in the muscle cell?

    <p>storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of wave summation?

    <p>produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major function does the sarcoplasmic reticulum serve in muscle contraction?

    <p>regulate intracellular calcium concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What produces the striations of a skeletal muscle cell?

    <p>the arrangement of myofilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?

    <p>actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?

    <p>Endomysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does rigor mortis occur?

    <p>no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not describe how excess postexercise oxygen consumption (oxygen deficit) restores metabolic conditions?

    <p>Increases the level of lactic acid in the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term aponeurosis refer to?

    <p>a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxygen-binding protein is ________.

    <p>myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Tissue and Structure

    • Connective tissue surrounds muscle fibers:

      • Endomysium encases individual muscle fibers.
      • Perimysium surrounds bundles of muscle cells.
      • Epimysium covers the exterior of entire muscle organs.

    • Muscle fibers and components:

      • Individual muscle fibers are the smallest contractile units.
      • Myofilaments' arrangement produces striations seen in skeletal muscle.

    Muscle Fiber Types

    • Slow oxidative fibers:

      • Fatigue-resistant and red in color, abundant in muscles for posture.
      • Dominant in successful marathon runners due to aerobic capacity.

    • Fast glycolytic fibers:

      • Fast-acting, utilize anaerobic metabolism, and have high glycogen content.
      • Typically fatigue quickly but recover rapidly after short, intense exercises.

    Muscle Contraction Mechanics

    • Excitation-contraction coupling requires calcium ions (Ca2+) and ATP.
    • Myosin cross bridges attach to active sites on actin during muscle contraction.

    Muscle Function and Recovery

    • Rigor mortis occurs postmortem due to the absence of ATP, preventing myosin from releasing actin.
    • Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) accounts for the oxygen deficit after aerobic activity.

    Muscle Cell Characteristics

    • Smooth muscle cells have a significant regenerative ability compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
    • Myoglobin functions to store oxygen within muscle cells, enhancing endurance during activity.

    Muscle Strength and Stimulation

    • Skeletal muscles exhibit a mixture of fiber types, affecting overall performance and strength.
    • Stronger muscle contractions arise from increased stimulation up to maximal stimulus levels.
    • Recruitment of motor units occurs in response to increased contractile strength, engaging larger and less excitable neurons progressively.

    Muscle Activation and Recovery

    • The latent period is crucial for the neurotransmission process prior to muscle contraction.
    • Creatine phosphate acts as an energy reserve, facilitating ATP resynthesis during periods of high demand.
    • Wave summation contributes to smooth and continuous muscle contractions.

    Calcium and Muscle Function

    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as the primary structure for calcium storage, essential for muscle contraction regulation.
    • Muscle contraction velocity and duration are influenced by the load on the muscle fibers.

    Other Important Muscle Concepts

    • The term aponeurosis refers to a sheet-like structure providing indirect attachment to skeletal elements.
    • Potential metabolic alterations during recovery are essential for restoring muscle functionality and returning lactic acid levels to normal.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of muscle anatomy with these flashcards from Chapter 9. Each card explores important terms related to muscle tissue structure. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of anatomy.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser