Questions and Answers
Which of the following are functions of the bones of the axial skeleton? (Select all that apply)
The adult human skeleton consists of 206 named bones.
True
What is the main branch of medical science focused on disorders of the musculoskeletal system?
What are the two principal divisions of the human skeleton?
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Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton?
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What type of bone is characterized by being nearly equal in length and width?
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Match the following types of bones with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a function of sesamoid bones?
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Study Notes
Axial Skeleton and Homeostasis
- The axial skeleton consists of bones that protect critical organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs.
- It plays a key role in support, calcium storage, and release, which are vital for maintaining homeostasis.
- Familiarity with individual bones aids in locating anatomical features and understanding movement.
Divisions of the Skeletal System
- The adult human skeleton comprises 206 named bones, divided into:
- Axial skeleton: 80 bones
- Appendicular skeleton: 126 bones
- The axial skeleton surrounds the body's longitudinal axis, including:
- Skull bones
- Auditory ossicles (ear bones)
- Hyoid bone
- Ribs
- Sternum (breastbone)
- Vertebral column bones
Types of Bones
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Long Bones:
- Greater length than width, featuring a shaft and extremities, slightly curved for strength.
- Examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges.
-
Short Bones:
- Cube-shaped with nearly equal length and width.
- Examples: carpal (wrist) bones and tarsal (ankle) bones.
-
Flat Bones:
- Thin, with two parallel plates of compact tissue enclosing spongy tissue.
- Provide protection and muscle attachment.
- Examples: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae.
-
Irregular Bones:
- Complex shapes, can’t be categorized into other types.
- Varied composition of spongy and compact bone.
- Examples: vertebrae, hip bones, certain facial bones, calcaneus.
-
Sesamoid Bones:
- Shaped like sesame seeds, develop in tendons under stress.
- Protect tendons and improve mechanical advantage at joints.
- Example: patellae (kneecaps).
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Sutural Bones:
- Small bones found in sutures between certain cranial bones.
Bone Surface Markings
-
Depressions and Openings:
- Allow passage of soft tissues (blood vessels, nerves) or form joints.
-
Processes:
- Projections or outgrowths that form joints or serve as attachment points for connective tissue (ligaments, tendons).
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Description
Dive into Chapter 7 of Tortora's Anatomy and Physiology, focusing on the axial skeleton. Understand its vital roles in protecting organs, supporting the body, and contributing to homeostasis. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of the bones that are essential for human survival.
