Questions and Answers
The main role of the axial skeleton is to help us manipulate our environment.
False
Which statement regarding the classification of bones is FALSE?
Which of the labeled parts of the bone is composed primarily of compact bone?
D
Which of the following is the major component of the part of the bone labeled E?
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Which of the following is a site for a muscle or ligament attachment?
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Which of the following structures contain receptors that monitor changes in head rotation?
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Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?
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The structure indicated by the arrow is composed primarily of what tissue?
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What would be the physical sign that a bone cannot continue longitudinal growth?
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The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space?
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Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
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PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
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Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
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Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
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Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling?
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Study Notes
Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- The axial skeleton mainly protects and supports body parts, not involved in manipulating the environment.
- The appendicular skeleton, along with skeletal muscles, is responsible for environmental manipulation.
Bone Classification
- Irregular bones include vertebrae and hip bones; long bones exclude patella, tarsals, and carpals.
- The sternum is classified as a flat bone, while sesamoid bones develop within tendons.
Bone Structure
- The shaft of adult long bones primarily consists of compact bone.
- Yellow bone marrow in the medullary cavity is made up of adipose tissue (fat).
Muscle and Ligament Attachments
- Trochanters are bone projections that serve as attachment sites for muscles and ligaments.
Sensory Structures
- Semicircular canals contain receptors, known as cristae, that monitor head rotation and dynamic equilibrium.
Bone Development Processes
- Endochondral ossification involves the transformation of cartilage models into bone during embryonic development.
Hyaline Cartilage Role
- Hyaline cartilage forms cartilage models for bone development and persists at the epiphyseal plate until adulthood.
Longitudinal Bone Growth Indicators
- An epiphyseal line signifies that a bone has ceased longitudinal growth, marking the closure of the growth plate.
Vascular and Neural Structures
- Central (Haversian) canals within osteons house blood vessels and nerves, facilitating communication and nutrient delivery.
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Levels
- Calcitonin is believed to reduce plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) aids in forming calcitriol, which then increases calcium absorption in the intestines.
PTH Functionality
- PTH increases osteoclast activity to release calcium from bones but does not promote osteoblast activity, which would lower plasma calcium levels.
- Low blood calcium levels and mechanical stress influence bone remodeling, while glucagon does not directly affect this process.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the axial and appendicular skeletons with these flashcards from Chapter 6. You'll encounter true/false questions and statements regarding bone classification. Challenge yourself to remember key details about human anatomy!
