Questions and Answers
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity under the ___
sternum
A(n) _____ is an irregular heartbeat or rhythm.
arrhythmia
______ are often called exchange vessels.
capillaries
______ is the good kind of cholesterol.
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The sensation of rapid heartbeat is known as ___.
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The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system.
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A defibrillator is a device that records the electrical activity of the heart.
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The aorta is the largest artery in the body.
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Blood pressure and pulse measurements are called the vital signs.
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The most common cause of heart failure is stroke.
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The middle layer of the heart, which makes up 2/3's of the heart muscle, is called ___
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Which of the following is a life-threatening arrhythmia?
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Blood pressure is measured at the ___
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What is a desirable level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the body?
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In which of the following do aneurysms not commonly occur?
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What is the amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute called?
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What are the vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
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What is the name of the large arterial trunk that arises from the base of the left ventricle?
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What is abnormal ballooning of a blood vessel due to a weakness in the wall called?
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What are pressure-sensitive nerve endings in the atrium, aortic arch, and carotid arteries called?
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What is the inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart known as?
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What are microscopic arteries that connect the capillaries called?
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What is a small mass of specialized tissue located in the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker of the heart?
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What part of the impulse-conducting network rapidly transmits impulses throughout the ventricles?
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What is the period of relaxation in the heart called when the chambers are filling with blood?
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What is the difference between good and bad cholesterol?
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What three mechanisms regulate the heart and where are those mechanisms located?
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Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Functions
- The heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, specifically beneath the sternum.
- The myocardium, the middle layer of the heart, constitutes two-thirds of the heart muscle.
- The aorta is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle and distributing blood to other arteries.
Cardiovascular Conditions
- An arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat or rhythm, which may include life-threatening types such as ventricular tachycardia.
- Conditions like endocarditis involve inflammation of the heart's inner lining, affecting chambers and valves.
- Palpitations are sensations of rapid heartbeats that may be concerning for patients.
Cholesterol Types
- HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is considered the good kind of cholesterol, which aids in clearing cholesterol from cells.
- LDL (low-density lipoprotein) should be at desirable levels of less than 200 mg/dL to minimize health risks associated with atherosclerosis.
Vascular Structures
- Capillaries function as exchange vessels, facilitating the transfer of nutrients and waste between blood and tissues.
- Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart, while arterioles serve as microscopic arteries connecting to capillaries.
Blood Pressure Measurement and Vital Signs
- Blood pressure is assessed at the brachial artery, a key measurement for heart health.
- Vital signs typically do not include blood pressure and pulse measurements exclusively, indicating a broader definition.
Cardiac Output
- Cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute, playing a crucial role in circulatory efficiency.
Specialized Heart Tissues
- The sinoatrial node (SA node), located in the right atrium, acts as the heart's pacemaker.
- The conduction system of the heart includes intermodal pathways, the atrioventricular (AV) node, and the Bundle of His, facilitating rapid impulse transmission and coordination of heart contractions.
Aneurysms and Baroreceptors
- An aneurysm describes an abnormal bulging in a blood vessel due to wall weakness; they rarely occur in the lungs.
- Baroreceptors are pressure-sensitive nerve endings found in the atrium, aortic arch, and carotid arteries, helping to regulate blood pressure.
Relaxation and Contraction Phases
- Diastole is the period when the heart relaxes and fills with blood, essential for the heart’s cycle.
- The Purkinje fibers rapidly transmit electrical impulses throughout the ventricles, triggering contraction.
Heart Regulation Mechanisms
- The heart is regulated by three main mechanisms: the sinoatrial node, the cardiac center located in the medulla oblongata, and the endocrine system, ensuring proper rhythm and rate.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 11 of Human Anatomy. This quiz features terms related to the cardiovascular system, including the heart, cholesterol types, and blood vessels. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding and prepare for exams.
