10 Questions
What is the direction of the parotid duct as it runs on the masseter?
Forwards and slightly downwards
At the anterior border of the masseter, the parotid duct turns and pierces which of the following structures?
Buccinator
Where does the parotid duct open into?
The vestibule of the mouth
What is the blood supply of the parotid gland?
External carotid artery and its branches
Which of the following nerves carries parasympathetic nerve supply to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What is the origin of the sympathetic nerves that supply the parotid gland?
Plexus around the external carotid artery
Which nerve carries sensory fibres that innervate the parotid fascia?
Great auricular nerve
What is the route of lymphatic drainage from the parotid gland?
Parotid nodes to upper deep cervical nodes
Where is the surface anatomy of the parotid gland located?
The middle 1/3 of a line between the lower border of the tragus and the angle of the mouth
What is the vein that drains the parotid gland?
External jugular vein
Study Notes
The Scalp
- The scalp consists of 5 layers: skin, superficial fascia, aponeurosis, loose areolar connective tissue, and pericranium.
- The skin is the thickest layer, with many sebaceous glands and dense hair growth.
- The superficial fascia contains blood vessels, nerves, and the occipitofrontalis muscle.
Blood Supply of the Scalp
- The scalp receives blood from 10 arteries, 5 from each side of the head.
- The arteries are: supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal (from external carotid artery), posterior auricular, and occipital.
- The veins follow the same path as the arteries and have the same names.
Nerve Supply of the Scalp
- The scalp is supplied by 10 nerves, 5 from each side of the head.
- The nerves are: supratrochlear, supraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, auriculotemporal, and occipital nerves.
- The nerves come from the trigeminal nerve and the cervical plexus.
The Face
Skin of the Face
- The skin of the face is vascular and rich in sebaceous and sweat glands.
- The skin contains facial muscles, vessels, nerves, fat, and superficial fascia.
- The deep fascia is absent from the face except over the parotid gland.
Facial Muscles (Muscles of Facial Expression)
- The facial muscles originate from bones and insert into the skin.
- They bring about different facial expressions.
- The muscles include: orbicularis oculi, procerus, orbicularis oris, and buccinator.
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
- The orbicularis oculi muscle consists of 3 parts: orbital, palpebral, and lacrimal.
- It originates from the upper end of the medial palpebral ligament and inserts into the lower border of the medial palpebral ligament.
- It closes the eyelids tightly to protect the eye from bright light.
Nerve Supply of the Face
- The facial nerve (7th cranial nerve) supplies the face.
- The facial nerve has 5 terminal branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical.
Venous Drainage of the Face
- The face drains into the facial vein, which communicates with the cavernous sinus.
- The facial vein has deep connections with the pterygoid plexus and the cavernous sinus.
Arteries of the Face
- The facial artery is the chief artery of the face, branching from the external carotid artery.
- The transverse facial artery is a branch of the superficial temporal artery.
- Arteries accompanying cutaneous nerves also supply the face.
Parotid Gland
- The parotid gland receives blood from the external carotid artery and its branches.
- The gland is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, and great auricular nerve.
- The parotid gland drains into the external jugular vein.
This quiz covers the anatomy of the scalp, including the formation of the common facial vein and external jugular vein, as well as the nerve supply of the scalp from the trigeminal nerve.
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