Anatomy Basics & Tissue Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following levels of human structure is characterized by a group of organs working together to perform a specific function?

  • Organ System (correct)
  • Tissue
  • Cell
  • Organ

    • Which of the following anatomical terms refers to a structure that is closer to the point of attachment?

  • Lateral
  • Distal
  • Medial
  • Proximal (correct)

    • What is the term for the study of the structure of the human body?

  • Anatomy (correct)
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Histology

    • Which plane of the human body divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

    <p>Frontal plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the position in which a person stands erect with their palms facing forward, feet together, and arms at their sides?

    <p>Anatomic position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue found in the human body?

    <p>Vascular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms, when used to describe a location, suggests that it is closer to the midline of the body?

    <p>Medial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms describes a structure that is closer to the surface of the body?

    <p>Superficial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes the term "Inferior" in anatomical terminology?

    <p>Away from the head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the nervous system?

    <p>Muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

    <p>Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal root ganglion?

    <p>To receive sensory signals from the body and transmit them to the spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of neuron?

    <p>Glial cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

    <p>Digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?

    <p>Tendons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of joint?

    <p>Vascular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is found in the medullary cavity?

    <p>Cancellous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the periosteum?

    <p>To attach tendons and ligaments to the bone (B), To provide nutrients to the bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

    <p>Synovial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the muscular system?

    <p>Heat production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Striated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Pelvis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Skeletal Muscle Structure

    Comprised of myofibrils, tendons, and fascia.

    Blood in Arteries and Veins

    Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood towards the heart.

    Types of Blood Vessels

    There are three main types: arteries, veins, and capillaries.

    Neurons

    Specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.

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    Synapse

    The junction between two neurons where electrochemical communication occurs.

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    Central and Peripheral Nervous System

    CNS comprises brain and spinal cord; PNS includes all nervous structures outside CNS.

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    Organism

    An individual living entity composed of organ systems.

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    Organ System

    A group of organs that work together for a common function.

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    Organ

    A collection of tissues that perform a specific function with anatomical boundaries.

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    Tissue

    A group of similar cells that perform a specific function; types include epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.

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    Cell

    The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

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    Anatomical Position

    Standard body position: standing erect, feet together, arms at sides, palms forward.

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    Superior

    A term used in anatomy meaning above or higher than another structure.

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    Inferior

    Refers to a position below or lower than another structure in anatomy.

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    Proximal vs Distal

    Proximal refers to being closer to the point of attachment; distal means further away.

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    Skeletal System

    The organ system that includes bones, cartilages, and ligaments; provides support, protection, and movement.

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    Muscular System

    A system made up of three muscle types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth; facilitates movement and stability.

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    Cardiovascular System

    The organ system comprising the heart and blood vessels; responsible for blood circulation and oxygen transport.

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    Respiratory System

    The system that allows breathing and gas exchange, involving structures like the lungs and trachea.

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    Immune System

    The body’s defense mechanism against pathogens; includes cells and organs that fight infections.

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    Digestive System

    The organ system that processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.

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    Endocrine System

    The system that produces hormones to regulate body functions, including growth and metabolism.

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    Osteons

    The structural units of compact bone that support and maintain bone tissue.

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    Ligaments

    Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints; provide stability.

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    Types of Muscles

    Three kinds of muscles—skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary), and smooth (involuntary)—each with unique functions.

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    Study Notes

    Anatomical Terms & Basic Tissue Types

    • Anatomy is the study of structure, including regional and systemic approaches.
    • Anatomical position: Standing erect, feet flat and together, arms at sides, palms and face forward, forearms supinated. Descriptions are constant regardless of subject position.
    • Levels of human structure: Organism (individual), organ systems (groups of organs), organs (specific functions), tissues (similar cells), cells (basic units), organelles (inside cells), and molecules (smallest chemical units).
    • Tissues include epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular.

    Planes and Relationships

    • Planes: Sagittal (median), coronal (frontal), transverse (horizontal).
    • Directional terms: Superior/Inferior, Anterior/Posterior, Medial/Lateral, Proximal/Distal, Superficial/Deep.
    • Other terms: e.g. Anterior, Posterior, Superior and inferior; lateral, medial, proximal and distal, superficial and deep.
    • Relationships describe parts' locations relative to each other or a plane.
    • Viscera are the internal organs within the body cavities.

    Overview of Systems

    • Skeletal: Bones, cartilages, ligaments. Function: Protection, support, movement, blood formation, mineral storage.

    • Muscular: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles. Function: Movement, stability, body openings control, heat production, blood glucose control.

    • Cardiovascular: Heart, blood vessels. Function: Blood flow, oxygen and nutrient transport, waste removal.

    • Nervous: Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Function: Rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control, sensation.

    • Lymphatic: Lymph nodes, vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils. Function: Fluid recovery, pathogen detection and immune cell production, disease defense.

    • Respiratory: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Function: Oxygen absorption, carbon dioxide discharge, acid-base balance, speech production.

    • Urinary: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Function: Waste elimination, blood volume and pressure regulation, fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, detoxification.

    • Digestive: Structures from oral cavity, to pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, and gallbladder. Function: Nutrient breakdown, absorption.

    • Endocrine: Glands producing hormones, including: Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testes, and ovaries. Function: Internal chemical communication and coordination.

    • Integumentary: Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands. Function: Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication.

    • Reproductive: Organs specialized in sexual reproduction. There are separate male and female reproductive systems.

    Nervous System

    • Communication: Using electrical and chemical signals.
    • Nerve cells (neurons):
      • Neurosoma (cell body)
      • Dendrites (receive signals)
      • Axon (transmit signals)
    • Glial cells (neuroglia): Support cells.
    • Synapses: Junctions where neurons communicate.

    Bones, Joints and Ligaments

    • Bones + cartilage + ligaments: Supporting connective tissue.
    • Joints: Fibrous (unfused suture), cartilaginous (hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage), synovial (joint capsule, synovial fluid, bursae).
    • Tendons: Attach muscle to bone.
    • Structure of Bones: Cancellous, compact bone, medullary cavity and periosteum.
    • Anatomy of osteons: Osteocytes, canals, and living bone matrix.

    Spinal Cord

    • Structure: Spinal cord, nerves, dorsal and ventral roots.

    Plexuses

    • Interconnected networks of peripheral nerves. Different plexuses in different parts of the body.

    Special and General Senses

    • Special senses: Sight, smell, taste, hearing, and balance.
    • General senses: Pain, temperature, touch, pressure, and body position.

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    Related Documents

    Human Anatomy Lecture 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anatomical terms and the basic types of human tissues. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of anatomy, including anatomical position, tissue types, and planes of the body. Challenge yourself with questions on directional terms and relationships within human structure.

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