Anatomy and Surgery of Femur Fractures in Dogs
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which muscle is retracted caudally during the surgical procedure to expose the body of the femur?

  • Biceps Femoris (correct)
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Tensor Fascia Lata

What structures are separated to expose the corpus femur during the surgery?

  • Vastus Lateralis and Sartorius
  • Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Intermedius (correct)
  • Rectus Femoris and Vastus Intermedius
  • Biceps Femoris and Tensor Fascia Lata

Why is the incision made on the cranio-lateral side of the femur?

  • To gain access to the muscle fibers of the sartorius
  • To improve visibility of the tibia
  • To avoid major blood vessels and nerves (correct)
  • To access the quadriceps femoris group

Which muscle is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group mentioned during the procedure?

<p>Biceps Femoris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fascia during the surgical procedure?

<p>To allow for easier muscle retraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery supplying the region surrounding the femur noted in the content?

<p>External Iliac artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature is highlighted as not being dangerous for the incision location?

<p>Large blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is wrapped in fascia during the surgical exposure of the femur?

<p>Biceps Femoris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shape of the diaphysis of the os femur?

<p>Cylindrical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the facies cranio-proximal in the subtrochanteric region?

<p>M.Vastus Lateralis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct orientation for a surgical procedure involving the os femur?

<p>Proximal to trochanter major, distal to os patella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During surgery, where is the incision made on the femoral diaphysis?

<p>Lateral side from greater trochanter to patella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is associated with the insertion on the caudal side of the femur's diaphysis?

<p>M.Adductor Magnus et Brevis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 1/3 distal on the caudo-medial side of the femur?

<p>It is the insertion site of M.Semimembranosus and M.Pectineus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication may arise if the surgical incision is not performed accurately on the lateral side?

<p>Hemorrhaging due to vascular damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is performed first in the surgical management of a femur fracture?

<p>Incision of skin, fat tissue, and fascia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the N.SAPHENOUS?

<p>Plexus lumbosacral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two nerves branch from the N.ISCHIADICUS at approximately 1/3 of the proximal thigh?

<p>N.FIBULARIS COMMUNIS and N.TIBIALIS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length and shape of the LN.POPLITEAL?

<p>Oval-shaped and 20 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the thoracic duct commonly empty into?

<p>Left jugular vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the N.SAPHENOUS located in relation to the M.QUADRICEPS FEMORIS?

<p>Medial surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found anterior to the N.ISCHIADICUS after it exits the foramen ischiadica major?

<p>M.QUADRATUS FEMORIS and M.SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lymphatic afferent vessels in relation to the LN.POPLITEAL?

<p>Distal part of the popliteal lymph node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic duct starts at which thoracic vertebrae in horses?

<p>T18 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Craniolateral side of femur

The top and outer (lateral) part of the femur bone

Surgical incision on Craniolateral side reasons

To avoid major blood vessels and nerves while exposing the femur bone

M.Quadriceps Femoris

Group of four muscles (Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris) on the front of the thigh

Fascia of Vastus Lateralis

Connective tissue layer surrounding the Vastus Lateralis muscle

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascularization of the region

Blood supply to the area (e.g., external iliac artery)

Signup and view all the flashcards

M. Tensor Fascia Lata

A muscle located on the lateral hip region

Signup and view all the flashcards

M.Biceps Femoris

A muscle located on the back of the thigh, cranial to caudally

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscles attached to Os Femur Diaphysis

Various muscles originate or insert on different parts of the femur's shaft (diaphysis), including the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and semimembranosus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diaphysis of Os Femur

The cylindrical shaft of the femur bone, located between the proximal and distal metaphyses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgical procedure on Reg. Os Femur

Procedures on the femur bone focused on top and outward parts to prevent damaging blood vessels and nerves

Signup and view all the flashcards

Femur Diaphysis Fracture

A break in the shaft of the femur bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Signs of Possible Fracture

Pain, lameness, and difficulty supporting the leg, often observed with palpation and X-ray examination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgical Positioning for Femur Fracture Repair

The dog is positioned in lateral recumbency with the affected limb oriented with the proximal femur (towards the hip joint) at the top and the distal femur (towards the knee joint) at the bottom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgical Incision for Fracture Repair

An incision is made along the lateral side of the affected femur, extending from the greater trochanter to the patella.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Greater Trochanter

A large bony prominence on the proximal femur that serves as an important point of reference in surgical procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

X-ray for Diagnosis

X-rays are used to confirm the presence of a fracture in the femur's diaphysis, crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Iliopsoas nerve branches

The iliopsoas nerve has muscular and cutaneous branches that affect the sartorius muscle and travel along the quadriceps femoris, extending to the saphenous nerve near the knee.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ischiadicus nerve pathway

The ischiadicus nerve, exiting the major ischiadic foramen, runs between the quadriceps femoris, adductor muscles, and semimembranosus, branching into fibularis and tibial nerves proximally in the thigh.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Popliteal lymph node location

The popliteal lymph node is oval-shaped, about 20mm long, situated between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Popliteal lymph node drainage

The popliteal lymph node receives lymph from the lower leg and drains into the medial iliac lymph node.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thoracic duct (horse)

The thoracic duct in horses originates near the 18th thoracic vertebra, travels cranially through the mediastinum, and empties into the cranial vena cava or left jugular vein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Saphenous nerve location

The saphenous nerve is located on the medial side of the femoral artery, extending down the medial surface of the quadriceps femoris toward the knee.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fibularis and tibial nerves

The ischiadicus nerve branches into the fibularis and tibial nerves roughly 1/3 of the way down the thigh.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nerve Plexus (lumbosacral)

The lumbosacral plexus is a network of nerves responsible for the supply of parts of the leg and hip. A relevant example is the Saphenous nerve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology of Os Femur Diaphysis Fracture in Dogs

  • Patient: A 2-year-old male golden retriever mix
  • Presenting Complaint: Paralysis of right hind leg following a car accident
  • Clinical Examination:
    • Painful right hind leg upon palpation
    • Difficulty defecating and urinating
    • Apparent double femur bone
    • Heart rate: 100 beats/min
    • Pulse rate: 68 beats/min
    • Respiratory rate: 24 breaths/min
    • Normal oral mucosa, conjunctiva, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems

X-Ray Findings

  • Fracture of the diaphysis of the os femurs

Surgical Procedure

  • Position: Lateral recumbency
    • Proximal to trochanter major
    • Distal to os patella
  • Incisions:
    • First, incision on the lateral side along the craniolateral margin of the femoral diaphysis
    • Second incision on the distal part of the greater trochanter of the femur to the patella
  • Muscle retraction:
    • M. Biceps femoris is retracted caudally to expose the femur
    • M. Vastus lateralis is retracted cranially
    • Exposure of the corpus femoris by separating the fasciae of the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius
  • Additional surgical procedure details:
    • Detailed descriptions of incisions, muscle retraction and exposure of the femur

Target Organs

  • The femur, in this context, is the target organ.

Muscles Attached to the Diaphysis

  • Cranial Muscles: Vastus lateralis, Intermedius, Medialis, and Adductor Longus
  • Caudal Muscles: Adductor magnus et brevis, Pectineus, Semimembranosus,
  • Note the different muscles and their locations/functions.

Vascularization

  • The A. Femuralis is a continuation of the external iliac artery
  • Located between the quadriceps and adductor muscle
  • It continues as the popliteal artery distally
  • The A. Femuralis is a major vessel for blood supply, and its branches provide blood to the area.

Branches of the Femoral Artery

  • Superficial, medial and caudal branches of the femoral artery and its connections with other arteries.

Innervation

  • Superficial branches of the N. Femoralis: Located in the area of the iliopsoas, and the tensor fascia lata
  • Muscular branch extend toward the cranial and caudal sides of the M. Sartorius.
  • Cutaneous branch extends cranially along the medial surface of the quadriceps femoris.
  • Saphenous nerve is located at the plantar joint of the knee.

Lymphatic System

  • Lymph nodes and ducts in relation to the affected leg.
  • Popliteal lymph node: Oval shape, approximately 20 mm long
  • The efferent vessels route to the iliac medial lymph node. The thoracic duct in horses ends at the left jugular or cranial vena cava.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Anatomy and Physiology of Femur Diaphysis Fracture in Dogs PDF

Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology related to femur diaphysis fractures in dogs, specifically focusing on a case study involving a 2-year-old male golden retriever mix. It examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and surgical procedures associated with femoral fractures. Test your knowledge on the surgical techniques and anatomical considerations important for veterinary practice.

More Like This

Periprosthetic Femur Fracture Surgical Management
5 questions

Periprosthetic Femur Fracture Surgical Management

ProvenMonkey avatar
ProvenMonkey
Femoral Neck Fracture Overview
10 questions

Femoral Neck Fracture Overview

IndebtedNessie avatar
IndebtedNessie
fractura de cadera
43 questions

fractura de cadera

RestfulPraseodymium avatar
RestfulPraseodymium
Biomechanica van Heup- en Dijbeenspieren
46 questions

Biomechanica van Heup- en Dijbeenspieren

ResourcefulRisingAction avatar
ResourcefulRisingAction
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser