Anatomy and Surgery of Femur Fractures in Dogs

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is retracted caudally during the surgical procedure to expose the body of the femur?

Biceps Femoris (correct)

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Tensor Fascia Lata

What structures are separated to expose the corpus femur during the surgery?

Vastus Lateralis and Sartorius

Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Intermedius (correct)

Rectus Femoris and Vastus Intermedius

Biceps Femoris and Tensor Fascia Lata

Why is the incision made on the cranio-lateral side of the femur?

To gain access to the muscle fibers of the sartorius

To improve visibility of the tibia

To avoid major blood vessels and nerves (correct)

To access the quadriceps femoris group

Which muscle is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris group mentioned during the procedure?

Biceps Femoris Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fascia during the surgical procedure?

To allow for easier muscle retraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main artery supplying the region surrounding the femur noted in the content?

External Iliac artery Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature is highlighted as not being dangerous for the incision location?

Large blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is wrapped in fascia during the surgical exposure of the femur?

Biceps Femoris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shape of the diaphysis of the os femur?

Cylindrical Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the facies cranio-proximal in the subtrochanteric region?

M.Vastus Lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct orientation for a surgical procedure involving the os femur?

Proximal to trochanter major, distal to os patella Signup and view all the answers

During surgery, where is the incision made on the femoral diaphysis?

Lateral side from greater trochanter to patella Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is associated with the insertion on the caudal side of the femur's diaphysis?

M.Adductor Magnus et Brevis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 1/3 distal on the caudo-medial side of the femur?

It is the insertion site of M.Semimembranosus and M.Pectineus. Signup and view all the answers

What complication may arise if the surgical incision is not performed accurately on the lateral side?

Hemorrhaging due to vascular damage Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is performed first in the surgical management of a femur fracture?

Incision of skin, fat tissue, and fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the N.SAPHENOUS?

Plexus lumbosacral Signup and view all the answers

Which two nerves branch from the N.ISCHIADICUS at approximately 1/3 of the proximal thigh?

N.FIBULARIS COMMUNIS and N.TIBIALIS Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length and shape of the LN.POPLITEAL?

Oval-shaped and 20 mm Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the thoracic duct commonly empty into?

Left jugular vein Signup and view all the answers

Where is the N.SAPHENOUS located in relation to the M.QUADRICEPS FEMORIS?

Medial surface Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found anterior to the N.ISCHIADICUS after it exits the foramen ischiadica major?

M.QUADRATUS FEMORIS and M.SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the lymphatic afferent vessels in relation to the LN.POPLITEAL?

Distal part of the popliteal lymph node Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic duct starts at which thoracic vertebrae in horses?

T18 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology of Os Femur Diaphysis Fracture in Dogs

Patient: A 2-year-old male golden retriever mix
Presenting Complaint: Paralysis of right hind leg following a car accident
Clinical Examination:
- Painful right hind leg upon palpation
- Difficulty defecating and urinating
- Apparent double femur bone
- Heart rate: 100 beats/min
- Pulse rate: 68 beats/min
- Respiratory rate: 24 breaths/min
- Normal oral mucosa, conjunctiva, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems

X-Ray Findings

Fracture of the diaphysis of the os femurs

Surgical Procedure

Position: Lateral recumbency
- Proximal to trochanter major
- Distal to os patella
Incisions:
- First, incision on the lateral side along the craniolateral margin of the femoral diaphysis
- Second incision on the distal part of the greater trochanter of the femur to the patella
Muscle retraction:
- M. Biceps femoris is retracted caudally to expose the femur
- M. Vastus lateralis is retracted cranially
- Exposure of the corpus femoris by separating the fasciae of the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius
Additional surgical procedure details:
- Detailed descriptions of incisions, muscle retraction and exposure of the femur

Target Organs

The femur, in this context, is the target organ.

Muscles Attached to the Diaphysis

Cranial Muscles: Vastus lateralis, Intermedius, Medialis, and Adductor Longus
Caudal Muscles: Adductor magnus et brevis, Pectineus, Semimembranosus,
Note the different muscles and their locations/functions.

Vascularization

The A. Femuralis is a continuation of the external iliac artery
Located between the quadriceps and adductor muscle
It continues as the popliteal artery distally
The A. Femuralis is a major vessel for blood supply, and its branches provide blood to the area.

Branches of the Femoral Artery

Superficial, medial and caudal branches of the femoral artery and its connections with other arteries.

Innervation

Superficial branches of the N. Femoralis: Located in the area of the iliopsoas, and the tensor fascia lata
Muscular branch extend toward the cranial and caudal sides of the M. Sartorius.
Cutaneous branch extends cranially along the medial surface of the quadriceps femoris.
Saphenous nerve is located at the plantar joint of the knee.

Lymphatic System

Lymph nodes and ducts in relation to the affected leg.
Popliteal lymph node: Oval shape, approximately 20 mm long
The efferent vessels route to the iliac medial lymph node. The thoracic duct in horses ends at the left jugular or cranial vena cava.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology related to femur diaphysis fractures in dogs, specifically focusing on a case study involving a 2-year-old male golden retriever mix. It examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and surgical procedures associated with femoral fractures. Test your knowledge on the surgical techniques and anatomical considerations important for veterinary practice.