Anatomy and Physiology: Scope and Levels

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A researcher is studying the arrangement of organs within the abdominal cavity. Which branch of gross anatomy is most relevant to this study?

A scientist is investigating the effects of a new drug on nerve impulse transmission. Which subdivision of human physiology is most applicable to this research?

During a medical check-up, a doctor assesses the location of superficial blood vessels. Which division of gross anatomy is being utilized?

Which of the following represents the correct order of levels of organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

In a car accident, a patient suffers a broken femur. The point of impact is closer to the hip than the knee. In anatomical terms, the point of impact is _______ to the knee.

Which of the following activities is an example of anabolism?

A surgeon makes an incision that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. Which plane is this incision made along?

Which of the following describes the correct sequence of events in a homeostatic control system?

Which of the following examples illustrates positive feedback?

A disease is best described as:

Which property is NOT common to all living organisms?

If an atom has 16 protons and 17 neutrons, what are its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively?

A certain medication has a biological half-life of 8 hours. If a patient takes 200 mg of the medication, how much will remain in their system after 16 hours, assuming first-order kinetics?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of ions in the body?

Consider two molecules with the same chemical formula, $C_6H_{12}O_6$, but different structural arrangements. What term describes these molecules?

In a chemical bond between two atoms, what primarily determines whether the bond is polar or nonpolar?

If a solution's pH changes from 7 to 4, what happens to the concentration of $H^+$ ions?

Which of the following best describes the primary function of a buffer in a solution?

A scientist is analyzing a molecule and finds that it contains carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Which of the following classifications is MOST likely?

Which of the following describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

During exercise, muscle cells break down glycogen into glucose for energy. What type of molecule is glycogen?

Consider a protein with a mutation that alters its secondary structure, but does not affect its primary structure. What is MOST likely to be disrupted by this mutation?

In a chemical reaction, an enzyme reduces the activation energy ($E_a$) required for the reaction to proceed. How does this affect initial reaction rate?

Which component of a homeostatic control system is responsible for detecting changes in the internal environment?

During labor, the body's production of oxytocin increases, which in turn causes more uterine contractions. These contractions further stimulate oxytocin release. This represents what type of feedback mechanism?

Which of the following is the BEST definition of a disease state?

A plant growing towards sunlight is an example of which property of life?

An atom has 10 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons. What is its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively?

A drug has a biological half-life of 4 hours. If a 100mg dose is administered, how much of the drug is expected to remain in the body after 12 hours, assuming first-order kinetics?

Two molecules have the same molecular formula ($C_2H_6O$) but different arrangements of atoms. What are these molecules called?

In a water molecule ($H_2O$), oxygen attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen. What type of bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together?

A researcher is conducting a study on how different medications affect kidney function. Which subdivision of human physiology is MOST applicable to this research?

During a dissection, a medical student identifies the different arteries and veins within the leg. Which division of gross anatomy is exemplified by this activity?

A scientist is examining a sample of lung tissue under a microscope to observe the structure of the cells. Which area of study does this fall under?

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from the simplest to the most complex?

In a clinical setting, a doctor is explaining the location of a skin rash in relation to a patient's heart. The doctor says, 'The rash is lateral and superficial to the heart.' What does this mean?

During surgery, a doctor needs to make an incision that divides the liver into equal left and right portions. Which plane would they use?

A person is standing with their feet flat on the floor, arms at their sides, and palms facing forward. Which anatomical position is this?

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

In a scenario where two atoms form a chemical bond, and one atom has a significantly higher electronegativity than the other, what type of bond is most likely to form, and what is its characteristic?

How does the addition of a buffer to a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base affect the solution's ability to resist changes in pH when a strong base is added?

Which of the following best describes how the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) changes as the pH of a solution goes from 3 to 6, and what does this pH change indicate?

Consider the following molecules: ethanol ($C_2H_5OH$), sodium chloride ($NaCl$), and methane ($CH_4$). Which of these would be classified as organic molecules, and what feature primarily determines this classification?

In the context of biological macromolecules, how do monomers relate to polymers, and which process is typically involved in converting monomers to polymers?

After consuming a starchy meal, the polysaccharides are broken down into smaller, more manageable units in the digestive system. What are these resulting smaller units, and what is the primary enzyme responsible for this process?

During the formation of a protein's tertiary structure, various interactions between amino acid side chains occur, contributing to the protein's unique three-dimensional shape. Which interaction is least likely to be affected by changes in pH within a typical physiological range?

In a metabolic pathway, an enzyme is responsible for catalyzing a reaction. How does the presence of a specific enzyme affect the thermodynamics of the reaction, and what does this entail for the equilibrium constant?

Anatomy

Physiology

Microscopic Anatomy

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Cytology

Metabolism

Serous Membrane

Homeostasis Components

Positive Feedback

Negative Feedback

Atomic Number

Cation

Anion

Covalent Bond

Electronegativity

Monomer

Polysaccharides

Kinetic Energy

Exergonic Reaction

Enzyme

Activation Energy (Ea)

Buffer

Types of Microscopic Anatomy

Biological Half Life

Divisions of Gross Anatomy

Levels of Organization in the Body

Common Ions in the Body

Anatomical Position

Visceral vs Parietal Membrane

Isomer

Single, Double, Triple Bonds

Function of Serous Fluid

Covalent vs Ionic Bonds

Molecule Definition

Types of Human Physiology

Disease Definition

Polarity in Bonds

Structure of Phospholipid

Acid vs. Base

Monomer vs. Polymer

Protein Structures

Reduction vs. Oxidation

Energy of Motion vs. Stored Energy

Enzyme Function