Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term describes a position that is lying face down?

  • Prone (correct)
  • Supine
  • Anterior
  • Lateral

Which cell part is responsible for regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma Membrane (correct)

Which directional term refers to a position towards the body's midline?

  • Distal
  • Lateral
  • Medial (correct)
  • Superior

Which organelle is primarily involved in the packaging and processing of proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a structure that is farthest from the point of origin?

<p>Distal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the dermis?

<p>Connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin color change is characterized by a yellow discoloration?

<p>Jaundice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a third-degree burn?

<p>Extends through the epidermis and dermis and may require a skin graft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function of the skin is primarily responsible for helping to regulate body temperature?

<p>Thermoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What angle should the syringe be held when administering a subcutaneous injection?

<p>45 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin cancer is considered the least dangerous due to its low tendency to metastasize?

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of bones regarding internal organs?

<p>Providing protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor specifically associated with malignant melanoma?

<p>Severe sunburns during childhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of bones in the acid-base balance?

<p>Bones help maintain a stable pH by absorbing and releasing alkaline salts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does interaction between muscle and bone have on the body?

<p>It enables movement of the arms and legs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mandible among facial bones?

<p>It is the only movable facial bone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones contribute to the formation of the nasal cavity?

<p>Nasal bones and inferior nasal conchae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many zygomatic bones are present in the facial structure?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is involved in forming the posterior portion of the hard palate?

<p>Palatine bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the facial bones is correct?

<p>Nasal bones are rectangular and form the bridge of the nose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ribs are there in the human body?

<p>24 ribs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone in the lower limb is known as the longest and strongest bone in the body?

<p>Femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the radius and ulna is true?

<p>The radius is located on the same side as the thumb. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the fibula in the lower leg?

<p>It primarily provides stability to the ankle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the phalanges arranged in the toes?

<p>Each toe has three phalanges, except the hallux. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plane of the body divides it into anterior and posterior parts?

<p>Coronal plane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of the body the transverse plane separates?

<p>Superior and inferior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plane is used to divide the body into right and left parts?

<p>Sagittal plane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what view does the anterior side represent?

<p>Front view (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is designated as dorsal?

<p>The back side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of connective tissue in the body?

<p>To connect, support, and protect organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is primarily involved in forming tendons and ligaments?

<p>Fibrous connective tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true of cartilage?

<p>Has a rubbery, flexible matrix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding adipose tissue?

<p>It helps insulate the body and stores excess food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in epithelial tissue?

<p>To move substances across the cell surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fibrocartilage?

<p>Forms the discs between the vertebrae and absorbs shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, such as walking or lifting?

<p>Skeletal Muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the regeneration process in tissue repair?

<p>Damaged cells are replaced with the same type of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the epidermis layer of the skin?

<p>The outermost layer with no blood vessels, relies on diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage provides flexible support in structures such as the external ear?

<p>Elastic Cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the curvature of the spine characterized by an inward curve, often seen in the lumbar region?

<p>Lordosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are classified as true ribs and directly attach to the sternum?

<p>Ribs 1 to 7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the xiphoid process in relation to CPR?

<p>Important landmark for chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ribs is categorized as a floating rib?

<p>Rib 11 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ribs 8, 9, and 10 have in common?

<p>They attach to the cartilage of rib 7. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized as being longer than it is wide?

<p>Long bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the epiphyseal plate when growth stops?

<p>It is replaced by the epiphyseal line. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is defined as the bone piercing through the skin?

<p>Compound fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

<p>Secrete substances that form bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of bone tissue allows it to resist compressional forces?

<p>Calcium salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is usually spherical in shape and found embedded in tendons?

<p>Sesamoid bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fractures is typically incomplete and often seen in young children?

<p>Greenstick fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding torsional strength in bones?

<p>Bones lack the ability to endure twisting forces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleus

The cell's control center. It contains the cell's genetic information.

Plasma Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell. It regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It contains organelles.

Golgi Apparatus

A cell organelle that packages and prepares proteins for export.

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Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back of the body.

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Coronal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections.

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Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) sections.

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Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.

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Anterior/Ventral

The front side of the body.

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Tissue

Groups of similar cells that perform a common function.

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Connective tissue

A type of connective tissue that provides support, binds, and protects organs. It is the most widespread and varied tissue in the body.

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Cartilage

A type of connective tissue that has a rubbery, flexible matrix and contains no blood vessels. It provides support and flexibility to joints and other structures.

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Centrioles

Bundles of microtubules that play a role in cell division.

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Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating energy (ATP). Cells that work harder have more of these.

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Dermis

The innermost layer of skin, made of connective tissue, containing blood vessels, glands, nerves, and hair follicles.

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Cyanosis

A condition where the skin appears blue due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

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Second-Degree Burn

A burn that damages the epidermis and part of the dermis, causing redness, blistering, and pain.

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Thermoregulation

The process of regulating body temperature.

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Third-Degree Burn

A burn that involves all layers of skin, including the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.

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Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in the fetal skeleton, nose, and trachea. It provides flexible support and allows for growth.

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Skeletal Muscle

Muscle tissue attached to bones, allowing for voluntary movement. Responsible for activities like walking, talking, and facial expressions.

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Regeneration

The process of replacing damaged tissue with the same type of cells, restoring normal function. Example: healing a cut on your skin.

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Fibrosis

The process of replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue, which is mainly collagen. While it binds wounds, it doesn't restore full function. Example: healing a deep burn or a muscle tear.

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What is the maxilla?

The upper jawbone, formed by the joining of two maxilla bones.

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What are the zygomatic bones?

The cheekbones, these bones also contribute to the eye socket.

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What is the mandible?

The strongest and largest bone in the face. This is the only facial bone that can move.

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What are the palatine bones?

These bones help form the back part of the roof of your mouth, the hard palate.

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What are the lacrimal bones?

These thin bones contribute to the side wall of the eye socket.

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Lordosis

The natural inward curve of the spine in the lower back.

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True Ribs

Ribs 1-7 that directly connect to the sternum via costal cartilage.

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False Ribs

Ribs 8-12 that attach indirectly to the sternum or are unattached.

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Floating Ribs

The lowermost two ribs (11 & 12) that are not attached to the sternum.

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer, rarely spreads to other parts of the body, and is the least dangerous.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that arises in the epidermis, grows slowly, and often develops on the scalp, forehead, hands, and ears. It's more likely to spread than basal cell but still less dangerous than melanoma.

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Malignant Melanoma

The most dangerous type of skin cancer, which can spread quickly to other parts of the body. It's often linked to severe sunburns during childhood.

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What is the primary function of bones in terms of support?

Bones provide a framework for the body, supporting its structure and holding it upright.

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How do bones provide protection?

Bones protect delicate internal organs from damage, such as the heart, lungs, brain, and spinal cord.

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Long bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, often shaped like cubes. Examples include the femur and humerus.

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Short bones

Bones that are as broad as they are long, shaped like cubes. Examples include the carpals and tarsals.

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Flat bones

Bones that are thin, flat, and often curved to protect organs. Examples include the skull, ribs, and sternum.

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Irregular bones

Bones that have various shapes and sizes, often clustered together. Examples include the vertebrae and facial bones.

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Sesamoid bones

Small bones embedded in tendons. They help reduce friction and improve mechanical advantage. Examples include the patella (kneecap) and the sesamoid bones in the big toe.

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Simple fracture

A type of bone fracture where the broken bone does not pierce the skin. The broken bone stays aligned and the surrounding tissue remains intact.

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Compound fracture

A type of bone fracture where the broken bone pierces the skin. This type of fracture exposes the bone to the outside environment, increasing the risk of infection.

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Greenstick fracture

A type of bone fracture that occurs when the bone bends but does not break completely. This type of fracture is more common in children because their bones are more flexible.

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Femur

The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip joint to the knee joint.

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Patella

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a small, triangular bone situated within the tendon of the knee.

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