Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

102 Questions Summary

• 61 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), and 41 short answer/hot spot questions
• 15 upper extremity (UE) and 12 lower extremity (LE) hot spots
• Pelvis, chest X-ray, CT of abdomen, and head
• Cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus, plus nerve points in the posterior neck, along the SCM's lateral border for local anesthetic block
• Neurocranium (brain case) landmarks from external carotid artery
• Viscerocranium (facial bones) landmarks from internal carotid artery

Types and Characteristics of Joints

• Fibrous: sutures of cranium, gomphoses (teeth), and syndesmoses
• Cartilaginous: epiphyseal plates and intervertebral discs
• Synovial: articular cartilage, capsule, and synovial fluid; most common; uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial types
• Distinguishing features of each type, including examples

Nerve Innervations

• Sympathetic: originates at T1-L2/3, synapses at paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) or prevertebral ganglia (splanchnic nerves); fibers travel to the eyes, heart, lungs, etc., or skip to prevertebral ganglia.
• Parasympathetic: originates at CN III, VII, IX, X, and S2-4, synapses in ganglia; cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X); associated with specific structures like iris/pupil, lacrimal and salivary glands, and the Gl tract sections from upper to lower half

Vertebral Column Anatomy

• Spinal cord passes through vertebral foramen
• Spinal nerves exit intervertebral foramina
• Vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves pass through transversarium foramina (C1-C6)

Vertebral Body, Ligaments, and Arches

• Ligamentum flavum connects lamina
• Posterior longitudinal ligament connects spinous processes
• Anterior longitudinal ligament connects to anterior vertebral bodies
• Transverse ligament separates vertebral foramen for dens from C2 (axis)
• Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae differences in structure (e.g., spinous process shape, vertebral foramen size)

Back Muscles

• Extrinsic muscles: superficial, innervated by anterior rami (UE) or CN XI; control movement, including respiration
• Intrinsic muscles: deep, innervated by dorsal/posterior rami; maintain posture and ROM of vertebral column

Skin Layers

• Epidermis (avascualr)
• Dermis (two layers: papillary and reticular)
• Hypodermis / subcutaneous tissue
• Descriptions of components like collagen fibers, tension lines, and accessory structures

Investing Fascia

• Envelops most of the body
• Important considerations concerning compartment syndrome

Parotid Gland

• Location and function in relation to the infratemporal region

Breast Drainage

• Role of axillary nodes in cancer metastasis
• Important routes of drainage in breast cancer

Thoracic Cavity (Pleura, Pericardium, etc.)

• Thoracic cavity is separated into pleural and pericardial cavities
• Pleura surrounds the lungs
• Pericardium surrounds the heart
• Description of anatomical boundaries between those compartments and abdominal/pelvic areas

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Nervous System

• Parasympathetic & sympathetic systems detailed roles of their structures including broncial walls, stomach, and gastrointestinal tract

Cardiac Circulation

• Tricuspid (Right) and Mitral (Left) valves (open/closed state in systole and diastole)
• Pulmonic (Right) and Aortic (Left) valves (open/closed state in systole and diastole)
• Catheterization of Heart through femoral triangle

Pelvis and Perineum

• Pelvis bony landmarks (iliac crest, pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis, sacrum), contents
• Perineum location, and structures
• Inguinal hernia (direct and indirect)

Renal Arteries and Iliac Arteries

• Position of renal arteries and iliac arteries relative to the umbilicus

Rectal and Vaginal Exams

• Palpable structures during examinations

Thigh Compartments and Muscles

• Details of anterior, posterior, and medial thigh compartments
• Description of key muscles in each compartment

Upper Extremity (UE)

• Key anatomical structures (e.g., clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna) and clinically relevant nerves (e.g., radial, median, ulnar)
• Upper arm muscles and their actions

Test your knowledge on upper and lower extremity anatomy, types of joints, and nerve innervations. The quiz includes multiple-choice and short answer questions, covering key concepts such as cutaneous nerves, joint characteristics, and landmarks of the neurocranium and viscerocranium.