Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

  • Pelvic girdle and shoulder girdle
  • Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum (correct)
  • Upper and lower limbs
  • Humerus and femur

Which type of cartilage is most commonly found in articular surfaces of bones?

  • Calcified cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic cartilage
  • Hyaline cartilage (correct)

What distinguishes compact bone from spongy bone?

  • Compact bone has a more vascular structure
  • Compact bone has more blood-forming cells
  • Compact bone forms the inner part of the bone
  • Compact bone is dense and forms the outer shell (correct)

Which bones are classified as long bones?

<p>Humerus and femur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients?

<p>Small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

<p>Regulation of bodily functions through hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized as being cuboidal in shape?

<p>Short bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is cartilage categorized as?

<p>Avascular connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axillary sheath?

<p>To enclose the neurovascular bundle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT a branch of the second part of the axillary artery?

<p>Subscapular artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the axillary vein terminate?

<p>At the outer border of the first rib (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brachial plexus?

<p>To provide motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of axillary lymph nodes is located along the axillary vein?

<p>Lateral group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is part of the brachial plexus composition?

<p>Anterior rami of C5 to C8, and T1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is NOT associated with the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

<p>Axillary nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential consequence of a brachial plexus injury?

<p>Paralysis of the upper limb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the course titled 'Anatomy of the Upper Limbs'?

<p>Exploring the blood supply and innervation of the upper limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures are covered in the course related to the pectoral region?

<p>Anterior and posterior thoracoappendicular muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant anatomical focus during Week 6 of the course schedule?

<p>The axillary artery and lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the course address the topic of the brachial plexus?

<p>By examining its anatomy and potential injuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of anatomy is discussed in relation to the upper limbs’ blood supply?

<p>Lymphatic drainage and venous return (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures are included in the topic of osteology for the upper limbs?

<p>Skeletal structures of the entire upper limb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which week of the course schedules a discussion on the anatomy of the breast?

<p>Week 5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical component is specifically evaluated in relation to the shoulder joint?

<p>The bones making up the pectoral girdle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two roots that form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

<p>C5 and C6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the divisions of the brachial plexus?

<p>No peripheral nerves originate directly from the divisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the posterior cord of the brachial plexus lie in relation to the axillary artery?

<p>Posterior to the second part of the axillary artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trunks are involved in forming the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

<p>C5 and C6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

<p>Union of the C8 and T1 roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many roots contribute to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

<p>Three roots contribute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cords are related to the second part of the axillary artery in the brachial plexus?

<p>All three cords: lateral, medial, and posterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure do the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus pass between to enter the posterior triangle of the neck?

<p>Anterior and posterior scalene muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of deep contents in the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

<p>Radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is considered a superficial content of the cubital fossa?

<p>Median cubital vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the ulnar nerve bypass when entering the cubital region?

<p>Cubital fossa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the ulna is incorrect?

<p>It is the lateral bone of the forearm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which bones does the radius articulate at its distal end?

<p>Scaphoid and lunate bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure binds the radius and ulna together?

<p>Interosseous membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the radial nerve within the cubital fossa?

<p>It is located deep between the muscles forming the lateral boundary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT contained within the cubital fossa?

<p>Ulnar nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the radial artery begin?

<p>In the cubital fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the radial artery lie upon while traveling distally?

<p>Brachioradialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a branch of the radial artery that contributes to blood supply around the wrist?

<p>Deep palmar arch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the median nerve is true?

<p>It branches to all superficial muscles in the anterior compartment except flexor carpi ulnaris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the radial artery travel across the radius?

<p>Laterally and then across the anterior surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the muscular branches of the radial artery?

<p>To supply neighbouring muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the median nerve lie at the wrist?

<p>Superficially, before entering the palm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery frequently joins the ulnar artery to give rise to the superficial palmar arch?

<p>Radial artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the human body.

Gross Anatomy

The study of the large, visible structures of the body.

Anatomical Terminology

A standardized system of terms used to describe anatomical structures and positions.

Osteology of the Upper Limb

The study of the bones of the upper limb.

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Pectoral Region

The region of the chest that includes the shoulder girdle.

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Brachial Plexus

A network of nerves that innervates the upper limb.

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Axilla

The space under the arm that contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph nodes.

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Surface Anatomy

The study of the surface markings of the body that can be observed or palpated.

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Skeletal System

The framework of the body, composed of cartilage and bone. It provides support, protection, and allows for movement.

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Cartilage

A type of connective tissue made of cells embedded in a matrix of fibers and ground substance. It's found in joints, ears, and discs.

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Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in joints, ribs, and nose. Its matrix contains a moderate amount of collagen fibers, making it firm but flexible.

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Elastic Cartilage

A type of cartilage found in the ears and epiglottis. It contains elastic fibers, making it very flexible and able to return to its original shape after bending.

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Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage containing a high amount of collagen fibers, making it very strong and rigid. It is found in intervertebral discs and some joints.

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Bone

A strong and rigid connective tissue composed of calcified matrix, collagen fibers, and cells. It forms the majority of the skeleton.

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Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of all bones, providing strength and protection.

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Spongy Bone

Light and porous bone tissue found inside the compact bone. It contains spaces filled with marrow, responsible for blood cell production.

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What is the axillary sheath?

The connective tissue sheath that encloses the neurovascular bundle in the axilla.

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How is the axillary artery divided?

The axillary artery is divided into three parts, each supplying different regions of the upper limb.

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What forms the axillary vein?

The axillary vein accompanies the axillary artery and is formed by the joining of the venae commitantes of the brachial artery and basilic vein.

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How are the axillary lymph nodes organized?

The axillary lymph nodes are divided into five groups: lateral, anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), central, and apical.

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What is the brachial plexus?

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to C8 and T1, innervating the upper limb.

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Where does the brachial plexus travel and what does it supply?

The brachial plexus, originating from the neck, passes through the axilla and gives rise to major nerves that supply the upper limb.

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How is the brachial plexus organized?

The brachial plexus is divided into roots, trunks, divisions, and cords, giving rise to the major nerves of the upper limb.

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What are the consequences of brachial plexus injury?

Damage to the brachial plexus can cause paralysis, weakness, pain, and sensory loss in the upper limb, with different patterns depending on the level of injury.

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Radial nerve in cubital fossa

The radial nerve runs deep within the muscles on the lateral side of the cubital fossa.

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Biceps brachii tendon in cubital fossa

The biceps brachii tendon is one of the main contents found in the cubital fossa.

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Brachial artery branching

The brachial artery branches into the radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa.

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Median nerve in cubital fossa

The median nerve runs through the cubital fossa, located on the medial side.

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Median cubital vein location

The median cubital vein lies in front, or anterior, to the brachial artery.

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Interosseous membrane function

The interosseous membrane keeps the radius and ulna bones tightly connected.

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Ulna's role in wrist joint

The ulna's distal end is excluded from the wrist joint, allowing for flexible movement.

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Radius connection at elbow

The radius articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint.

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Roots of the Brachial Plexus

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 through C8 and the majority of T1, forming the initial portion of the brachial plexus.

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Trunks of the Brachial Plexus

Three bundles of nerve fibers that emerge from the roots of the brachial plexus, passing laterally over rib I. They are named superior, middle, and inferior depending on their position.

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Divisions of the Brachial Plexus

Each trunk of the brachial plexus splits into two divisions – anterior and posterior. These divisions are responsible for innervating different compartments of the arm and forearm.

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Cords of the Brachial Plexus

The three cords are formed by the union of different divisions of the brachial plexus, positioned around the axillary artery in the axilla. They are named lateral, medial, and posterior.

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Lateral Cord

The lateral cord is formed by the union of the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks. It is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lateral compartment of the arm and forearm.

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Medial Cord

The medial cord is a continuation of the anterior division of the inferior trunk. It is responsible for innervating the muscles of the medial compartment of the arm and forearm.

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Posterior Cord

The posterior cord is formed by the union of all three posterior divisions. It is responsible for innervating the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm.

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Peripheral Nerves

Most of the major nerves that innervate the upper limb branch out from the cords of the brachial plexus.

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What is the path of the radial artery?

The radial artery begins in the cubital fossa when the brachial artery splits into the radial and ulnar arteries. It travels along the forearm, passes over the anterior surface of the radius, and winds around the wrist to reach the palm where it forms the deep palmer arch.

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What is the role of the radial nerve?

The radial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers. It also provides sensory innervation to the back of the hand.

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Where does the ulnar artery travel?

The ulnar artery starts in the cubital fossa alongside the radial artery, descending along the medial side of the forearm. After traversing the wrist, it enters the palm to form the superficial palmer arch.

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What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

The ulnar nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that flex the wrist and fingers on the pinky side. It also provides sensory innervation to the pinky and ring fingers.

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Where does the median nerve travel?

The median nerve begins in the cubital fossa, descends between the deep and superficial flexor muscles, and finally reaches the palm after passing through the wrist.

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What is the function of the median nerve?

The median nerve is responsible for innervating the majority of the forearm muscles, including those responsible for pronation and flexion of the wrist and fingers. It also provides sensory innervation to the palm and the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger.

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Where does the brachial artery travel?

The brachial artery begins in the axilla and descends along the inner side of the humerus, becoming the radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa.

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What is the function of the brachial artery?

The brachial artery supplies blood to the muscles and tissues of the upper arm and is responsible for the blood flow to the forearm and hand.

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