36 Questions
What is the skin divided into?
Superficial and deep layers
Where is the epidermis thick?
In the palm and sole
What is the dermis made of?
Dense connective tissue
What is found in the dermis?
Hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
Epidermis
What are Langer's lines and skin creases?
Clinical significance of skin features
What is the purpose of the lecture?
To explain skin functions and anatomy
What is the structure of the skin composed of?
Epidermis and dermis
What is the purpose of the intended learning objectives?
To guide lecture content
What type of glands are present in the dermis and secrete sebum?
Sebaceous glands
What is the main function of skin creases?
To facilitate movements
What is the term for the natural orientation of collagen in the dermis?
Langer lines
What is the main difference between superficial fascia and deep fascia?
Depth of location
What is a characteristic of superficial fascia in the scalp, back of neck, palm, and sole?
Firm attachment to skin
Where is superficial fascia devoid of fat?
Eye lids and auricle of ear
What is a function of superficial fascia?
Facilitate movements of skin
What type of tissue makes up deep fascia?
Dense connective tissue
What is the orientation of Langer lines in the trunk?
Transverse
What is a characteristic of skin creases?
Present on flexor surfaces
What is a characteristic of deep fascia in terms of its development?
It is well developed in limbs
What is the function of deep fascia in relation to muscles?
It assists in their action
Where does deep fascia form palmer and planter aponeurosis?
In the palm and sole
What is another function of deep fascia?
It helps in venous return
What is the role of deep fascia in the neck?
It forms well-defined layers
What is the function of retinacula formed by deep fascia?
They assist in joint movement
What is the role of deep fascia in relation to veins?
It helps in venous return
What is the function of deep fascia in the fingers?
It forms fibrous flexor sheaths
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?
To monitor and control body temperature
What is the primary reason for the high number of sensory receptors in the face and fingertips?
To provide immediate sensory feedback to protect the body against injury
What is the significance of the skin's ability to express emotions and behavior?
It facilitates communication and social interaction
What is the primary function of superficial fascia?
To contain fat, nerves, and vessels
What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in infants?
Rickets
What is the correct orientation of an incision in limbs for better healing?
Longitudinal
What is the role of deep fascia in the body?
It helps in venous return and contains muscles
What is the function of the skin in terms of absorption?
To absorb drugs and toxic organisms
Study Notes
Skin Layers
- Skin is divided into two layers: epidermis (superficial) and dermis (deep)
- Epidermis is thick in the palm and sole
- Dermis is made of dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Skin Appendages
- Nails are keratinized plates on the dorsal surface of fingers and toes
- Hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands are present in the dermis
- Sweat glands are the deepest structure in the dermis
Skin Lines
- Skin creases are grooves opposite joints, where skin is thin and firmly adherent to underlying structures
- Langer's lines or cleavage lines correspond to the natural orientation of collagen in the dermis
- Incisions made parallel to Langer's lines heal better than those made across the lines
Fascia
- Fascia is a layer that lies beneath the skin, divided into two layers: superficial and deep
- Superficial fascia is a layer of loose connective tissue containing fat, firmly attached to the skin in specific areas
- Deep fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests muscles
Superficial Fascia
- It is devoid of fat in eyelids, auricle of the ear, penis, and scrotum
- It is rich in fat in the breast and gluteal region
- Functions of superficial fascia include:
- Facilitating movements of skin
- Being a bad conductor of heat
- Giving the body its shape
- Containing blood vessels, nerves, and sometimes muscles
- Holding skin firmly to deeper structures by bundles of collagen
Deep Fascia
- It surrounds muscles and is well-developed in limbs, thin in the thorax and abdomen, and absent in most of the face
- It forms:
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Retinacula
- Fibrous flexor sheaths
- Functions of deep fascia include:
- Covering muscles and assisting in their action
- Helping in venous return
Physiology of Skin
- Protection: against physical and chemical trauma, microorganisms, and radiations
- Thermoregulation: by negative feedback between skin, skeletal muscles, sweat glands, and hypothalamus
- Sensation: through high number of sensory receptors in the skin, especially in the face and fingertips
- Water storage: protection and maintenance of normal water and electrolyte levels
- Absorption: of drugs and toxic organisms
- Expression: the skin of the face can express emotions, behavior, and communication
- Synthesis of vitamin D: essential for bone health
This quiz covers the layers of skin, their contents, and different types of skin. It also covers Langer's lines and skin creases and their clinical significance.
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