Anatomy and Physiology of Skin

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Questions and Answers

What is the skin divided into?

Epithelial and connective tissue layers

Superficial and deep layers (correct)

Thin and thick layers

Outer and inner layers

Where is the epidermis thick?

In the face

In the abdomen

In the neck

In the palm and sole (correct)

What is the dermis made of?

Loose connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Dense connective tissue (correct)

Fat tissue

What is found in the dermis?

Hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organ in the body?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the skin?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What are Langer's lines and skin creases?

Clinical significance of skin features Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lecture?

To explain skin functions and anatomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the skin composed of?

Epidermis and dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the intended learning objectives?

To guide lecture content Signup and view all the answers

What type of glands are present in the dermis and secrete sebum?

Sebaceous glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of skin creases?

To facilitate movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the natural orientation of collagen in the dermis?

Langer lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between superficial fascia and deep fascia?

Depth of location Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of superficial fascia in the scalp, back of neck, palm, and sole?

Firm attachment to skin Signup and view all the answers

Where is superficial fascia devoid of fat?

Eye lids and auricle of ear Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of superficial fascia?

Facilitate movements of skin Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue makes up deep fascia?

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of Langer lines in the trunk?

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of skin creases?

Present on flexor surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of deep fascia in terms of its development?

It is well developed in limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of deep fascia in relation to muscles?

It assists in their action Signup and view all the answers

Where does deep fascia form palmer and planter aponeurosis?

In the palm and sole Signup and view all the answers

What is another function of deep fascia?

It helps in venous return Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deep fascia in the neck?

It forms well-defined layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of retinacula formed by deep fascia?

They assist in joint movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deep fascia in relation to veins?

It helps in venous return Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of deep fascia in the fingers?

It forms fibrous flexor sheaths Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

To monitor and control body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high number of sensory receptors in the face and fingertips?

To provide immediate sensory feedback to protect the body against injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the skin's ability to express emotions and behavior?

It facilitates communication and social interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of superficial fascia?

To contain fat, nerves, and vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in infants?

Rickets Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct orientation of an incision in limbs for better healing?

Longitudinal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of deep fascia in the body?

It helps in venous return and contains muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the skin in terms of absorption?

To absorb drugs and toxic organisms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Layers

Skin is divided into two layers: epidermis (superficial) and dermis (deep)
Epidermis is thick in the palm and sole
Dermis is made of dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

Skin Appendages

Nails are keratinized plates on the dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands are present in the dermis
Sweat glands are the deepest structure in the dermis

Skin Lines

Skin creases are grooves opposite joints, where skin is thin and firmly adherent to underlying structures
Langer's lines or cleavage lines correspond to the natural orientation of collagen in the dermis
Incisions made parallel to Langer's lines heal better than those made across the lines

Fascia

Fascia is a layer that lies beneath the skin, divided into two layers: superficial and deep
Superficial fascia is a layer of loose connective tissue containing fat, firmly attached to the skin in specific areas
Deep fascia is a membranous layer of connective tissue that invests muscles

Superficial Fascia

It is devoid of fat in eyelids, auricle of the ear, penis, and scrotum
It is rich in fat in the breast and gluteal region
Functions of superficial fascia include:
- Facilitating movements of skin
- Being a bad conductor of heat
- Giving the body its shape
- Containing blood vessels, nerves, and sometimes muscles
- Holding skin firmly to deeper structures by bundles of collagen

Deep Fascia

It surrounds muscles and is well-developed in limbs, thin in the thorax and abdomen, and absent in most of the face
It forms:
- Plantar aponeurosis
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Retinacula
- Fibrous flexor sheaths
Functions of deep fascia include:
- Covering muscles and assisting in their action
- Helping in venous return

Physiology of Skin

Protection: against physical and chemical trauma, microorganisms, and radiations
Thermoregulation: by negative feedback between skin, skeletal muscles, sweat glands, and hypothalamus
Sensation: through high number of sensory receptors in the skin, especially in the face and fingertips
Water storage: protection and maintenance of normal water and electrolyte levels
Absorption: of drugs and toxic organisms
Expression: the skin of the face can express emotions, behavior, and communication
Synthesis of vitamin D: essential for bone health

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Description

This quiz covers the layers of skin, their contents, and different types of skin. It also covers Langer's lines and skin creases and their clinical significance.