Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

<p>Auditory ossicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains 126 bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lumbar curve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lighten the skull and modulate voice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow actin and myosin to interact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ball-and-socket joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcomere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine is released to stimulate contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetanus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circumduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&lt; 7.35 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffers maintain blood pH at a constant level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suspensions contain larger particles that remain suspended. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An undifferentiated cell that can produce more undifferentiated cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable internal environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative Feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic Bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same atomic number but different mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed up the reactions without being consumed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules contain only one type of atom, while compounds contain two or more different types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of body structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue Level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruptions in bodily functions due to disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interaction of multiple organ systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structures composed of two or more tissue types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes how organisms perform vital functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic structural unit of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone is stronger and denser than spongy bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold the bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They synthesize and mineralize unmineralized bone matrix (osteoid). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spongy bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immovable, slightly movable, freely movable joints.

Includes articular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, cartilage, bursae, and ligaments.

Hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, saddle, gliding, and condyloid joints.

Tibiofemoral (knee), glenohumeral (shoulder), humeroulnar (elbow), coxal (hip).

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles classified by function and control.

Myosin heads pull actin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and causing contraction.

Site where a nerve fiber meets the muscle, releasing acetylcholine to initiate contraction.

Twitch (single contraction), tetanus (sustained contraction), and tonus (partial contraction state).

Occurs at the epiphyseal disc, impacted by hormones like growth hormone, estrogen, and testosterone.

Involves osteoclasts hollowing the bone while osteoblasts deposit bone on the outer surface.

Simple, compound, and greenstick fractures are the three main types.

Comprises 80 bones forming the longitudinal axis, including the skull and vertebral column.

The skull consists of cranial (8) and facial bones (14) plus the hyoid and ear bones.

Composed of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx, supports and protects the spinal cord.

Substances that dissociate to release hydrogen ions (H+).

Includes the sternum and ribs, protects heart and lungs, and assists in breathing.

Substances that combine with hydrogen ions (H+).

Composed of 126 bones including limbs and girdles, essential for movement and attachment.

Measures H+ concentration from 0 (acidic) to 14 (alkaline).

Condition of excess H+, with pH < 7.35.

Condition of insufficient H+, with pH > 7.45.

Semipermeable barrier regulating entry and exit of substances.

Process of cell division producing two identical daughter cells.

Undifferentiated cells that can produce more undifferentiated cells.

The skeletal system supports weight, protects organs, allows movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

Includes bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments that work together to support the body.

Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular based on their shape and function.

Hard bone that is organized into osteons, forming the shafts of long bones.

Soft bone that contains trabeculae and bone marrow, typically found in the ends of long bones.

Bone cells that form new bone matrix, synthesizing unmineralized matrix (osteoid) and mineralizing it.

Bone cells that remove and remodel bone matrix, releasing acids and enzymes for resorption.

Intramembranous ossification replaces connective tissue with bone; endochondral ossification replaces cartilage with bone.

The study of the body's structure through dissection and observation.

The study of how the body functions and performs vital processes.

The study of how body functions are disrupted in disease states.

A disorder of structure or function in the human body.

The basic structural unit of the body.

Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Structures composed of two or more tissue types working together.

Interacting organs performing coordinated functions.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment essential for health.

A regulatory mechanism that opposes initial changes, minimizing deviations.

A regulatory mechanism that enhances initial changes, amplifying effects.

The basic unit of matter containing a nucleus and orbiting electrons.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Forces that hold atoms together; includes ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.

Molecules are two or more atoms bonded; compounds are different atoms bonded together.

Ions that dissolve in water and conduct electricity; crucial for bodily functions.