Anatomy and Physiology Basics Ch1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of anatomy?

  • Studying the form and structure of the body (correct)
  • Studying the function of the body
  • Maintaining homeostasis
  • Examining how the body functions

How is physiology related to the human body?

  • It manipulates and palpates the body
  • It maintains homeostasis
  • It examines the form and structure of the body
  • It studies how the body functions (correct)

According to the principle of complementarity of structure and function, what does function always reflect?

  • Color
  • Temperature
  • Structure (correct)
  • Size

Which theme of the course emphasizes the inter-relationship between environment and the body's response?

<p>Adaptive nature of our bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines homeostasis?

<p>A dynamic state of equilibrium, always readjusting as needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does homeostasis contribute to the human body?

<p>By maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying anatomy?

<p>Studying the form and structure of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does physiology examine?

<p>'How' the body functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis involve?

<p>'Continuous adjustments' as needed from all organ systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Adaptive nature of our bodies' emphasizes which aspect?

<p>'Inter-relationship between environment and body’s response' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

<p>The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What depends on specific form according to 'principle of complementarity of structure and function'?

<p>What a structure can do (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Western medicine?

<p>Hippocrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was the study of anatomy outlawed?

<p>Middle Ages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who performed vivisections of criminals around the 2nd century B.C.?

<p>Herophilus &amp; Eristratus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek physician is known for separating disease from superstition?

<p>Hippocrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which centuries were anatomists like celebrities and people paid to see dissections in large amphitheaters?

<p>17th &amp; 18th centuries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician wrote 'the' anatomy text used for 1500 years after vivisecting pigs and primates?

<p>Galen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anatomy is the study of large, visible structures?

<p>Gross or macroscopic anatomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plane passes through the body dividing it into left and right portions?

<p>Midsagittal (or median) plane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an effect that affects both sides equally?

<p>Bilateral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region forms the main vertical axis of the body?

<p>Axial region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a thin, double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of organs?

<p>Serosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes roughening of pleurae or peritoneum and leads to organs sticking together and dragging across one another, causing pain?

<p>A and D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous membranes?

<p>Serous cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by monitoring variables that can change, such as body temperature?

<p>Nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In homeostatic systems regulated by negative feedback, what is the resulting action in response to a stimulus?

<p>Opposite to the stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback occurs much less frequently than negative feedback and reinforces a stimulus to continue moving a variable in the same direction until a climactic event occurs?

<p>Positive feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an event that triggers positive feedback in the human body?

<p>Blood clotting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a homeostatic variable in the human body?

<p>$CO_2$ levels in blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call factors that can change in the body, such as body temperature?

<p>Variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a normal range for a homeostatic variable?

<p>All of these (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that arises due to homeostatic imbalance?

<p>Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates separate from superstition?

<p>Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of anatomy?

<p>Herophilus of Chalcedon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was the study of anatomy outlawed?

<p>Middle Ages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician wrote 'the' anatomy text used for 1500 years after vivisecting pigs and primates?

<p>Galen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus during the Renaissance period?

<p>Anatomical interest/knowledge reestablishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical study focuses on large, visible structures?

<p>Gross or macroscopic anatomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did vivisections of criminals further?

<p>Knowledge of anatomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was outlawed during the Middle Ages?

<p>The study of anatomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Slices' of body called sections or planes are exposed by which type of slice?

<p>'Transverse (or cross-sectional) plane' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Midsagittal (or median) plane' divides the body into left and right portions. What is another term for this plane?

<p>'Sagittal plane' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term describes being away from the midline, on the other side of?

<p>Lateral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a thin, double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of organs?

<p>Serous membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying physiology?

<p>Examining how the body functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis involve?

<p>Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of complementarity of structure and function, what does function always reflect?

<p>The form and structure of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an effect that affects both sides equally?

<p>Bilateral symmetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Western medicine?

<p>Hippocrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that arises due to homeostatic imbalance?

<p>'Heart attack' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What depends on specific form according to the 'principle of complementarity of structure and function'?

<p>'Function' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call factors that can change in the body, such as body temperature?

<p>'Homeostatic variables' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Adaptive nature of our bodies' emphasizes which aspect?

<p>'Inter-relationship between environment and body’s response' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Anatomy' studies the form and structure of the body, whereas 'Physiology' examines ____________.

<p>'How the body functions' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Complementarity of Structure and Function' states that function always reflects ____________.

<p>'Structure' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous membranes?

<p>Serous cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term describes being away from the body's surface and towards the internal parts?

<p>Deep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an organ covered by the visceral serosa?

<p>Heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs much less frequently than negative feedback and reinforces a stimulus to continue moving a variable in the same direction until a climactic event occurs?

<p>Positive feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying anatomy as emphasized in the text?

<p>Structure of the human body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical study focuses on the study of large, visible structures?

<p>Gross anatomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme of the course emphasizes the inter-relationship between environment and the body's response?

<p>Adaptive nature of our bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Midsagittal (or median) plane' divides the body into left and right portions. What is another term for this plane?

<p>'Sagittal plane' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Slices' of the body called sections or planes are exposed by which type of slice?

<p>'Transverse slice' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pleurisy' is an inflammation of which serous membrane in the thoracic cavity?

<p>'Visceral pleura' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician is considered the Father of Western medicine as mentioned in the text?

<p>Hippocrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does diabetes serve as an example of as mentioned in the text?

<p>Homeostatic imbalance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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