Anatomy and Physiology Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

  • To carry out cellular reproduction.
  • To control what enters and exits the cell. (correct)
  • To store the cell's genetic material.
  • To produce energy for the cell.

Histology is the study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye.

False (B)

What is the term for the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment?

homeostasis

What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?

<p>To produce energy for the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fluid within the nucleus containing proteins and DNA is called_______.

<p>nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells contain a large number of mitochondria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chemical energy used within cells for metabolism?

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes protoplasm?

<p>A colorless, watery, gel-like fluid inside the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell components with their descriptions:

<p>Mitochondria = Small organelles that float freely throughout the cell Nucleus = Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell Plasma membrane = Also called the cell membrane Protoplasm = A colorless, watery, gel-like fluid containing the nutrient material</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of cell division is known as ______.

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of the study of the human body?

<p>Cytology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for cell growth and reproduction?

<p>Presence of toxins (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Mitosis = Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells Anabolism = The building up of larger molecules from smaller ones Catabolism = The breaking down of molecules for use Metabolism = The chemical processes that occur within a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cells need to grow and stay healthy?

<p>Food, oxygen and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During catabolism, cells break down molecules for use, such as breaking down nutrients for glucose.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

<p>The complex chemical process that converts nutrients to energy and eliminates waste. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism only occurs when the body is actively moving.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of building and storing energy for future use is called ______.

<p>anabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two factors that can affect a person's metabolism.

<p>Age, Muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

<p>The digestion of food for energy release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolic disorders are always caused by poor diet and a lack of exercise.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each of the following metabolic disorders with its description:

<p>Wilson Disease = Discoloration of skin, joints, and eyes due to a buildup of copper. Mitochondrial Disease = A group of diseases that affects cellular energy production. Hemochromatosis = Iron overload in organs and tissues. Maple Syrup Urine Disease = Inability to digest certain amino acids, causing the urine to smell like maple syrup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents the correct organization of the body?

<p>Chemicals &gt; Cells &gt; Tissues &gt; Organ &gt; System &gt; Body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for covering and protecting body surfaces?

<p>Epithelial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue is responsible for carrying messages to and from the brain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for organs that work together to perform a function or functions for the body?

<p>body systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tissue that supports, protects, and holds other tissues together is called __________.

<p>connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following directional terms with their meanings:

<p>Superior = Above or higher than Inferior = Below or lower than Medial = Closer to the midline of the body Lateral = Farther from the midline of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body, examining organs and systems.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body's organs and systems.

Gross Anatomy

The study of body parts visible to the naked eye.

Histology

The study of tissues and cells using a microscope.

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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, like temperature, fluid balance, and blood pressure.

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Cell

The fundamental unit of all living organisms.

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Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of a cell, controlling what enters and exits.

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Nucleus

The central part of a cell containing genetic material (DNA).

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Mitochondria

Organelles that break down nutrients to provide energy for the cell. They are like tiny powerhouses within each cell.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Chemical energy used by cells for metabolism, produced by mitochondria.

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Anabolism

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones, like building proteins from amino acids.

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Catabolism

The process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones, like breaking down nutrients for glucose.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes happening in a cell, including both anabolism and catabolism.

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Mitosis

Cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

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Cell Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA, genes, and genetic information.

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Chromosomes

The molecules that carry genetic information and are found in the nucleus of the cell.

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Metabolic Disorder

A state where the body does not burn enough calories, leading to conditions like diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

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Hypothyroidism

A health condition affecting the thyroid gland, affecting metabolism and causing other systemic health issues.

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Cushing's Syndrome

A health condition affecting the adrenal gland, impacting metabolism and leading to other systemic health problems.

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Inherited Metabolic Disorders

A group of metabolic disorders affecting the body's ability to process certain nutrients or enzymes, often inherited.

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Wilson Disease

A specific inherited metabolic disorder affecting copper metabolism, leading to organ damage.

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Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue that covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs. Examples include skin, lining of the digestive tract.

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Connective Tissue

A type of tissue that supports, protects, and holds together other tissues. Examples include bone, cartilage, blood.

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Organ

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Examples include the heart (muscle, connective, epithelial, nervous), the stomach (digestive function).

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Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform a bigger function for the body. Examples include the digestive system (breaks down food) or the circulatory system (transports blood).

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Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology

  • Anatomy studies the structure of organs and systems
  • Physiology studies the function of organs and systems
  • Gross anatomy examines structures visible to the naked eye
  • Histology examines microscopic structures
  • Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, including fluid balance, electrolyte balance, body temperature, and blood pressure.

The Cell

  • The cell is the basic functional unit of all body structures
  • All cells originate from other cells through cell division
  • Cells have diverse forms and functions due to differing structures
  • Examples of diverse cells include nerve cells, muscle cells, epithelial cells, blood cells, and sperm cells

The Cell Membrane

  • The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, separates the internal cell environment from the outside
  • It is selectively permeable, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell
  • It protects the cell and helps it communicate with other cells

The Cell (Composition)

  • Protoplasm is a gel-like substance containing necessary nutrients for cell growth and repair
  • The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing DNA
  • Mitochondria are organelles responsible for cellular energy production

Cell Metabolism

  • Metabolism is the set of chemical processes that convert food and oxygen into energy
  • This includes anabolism (building molecules) and catabolism (breaking down molecules)
  • Cell metabolism influences how cells respond to treatments and substances

Body Tissues

  • Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces
  • Connective tissue supports and connects other tissues
  • Nervous tissue carries messages to the brain
  • Muscle tissue enables movement

Body Organs and Systems

  • Organs are structures performing specific functions
  • Organ systems are groups of organs working together for the body's needs
  • Examples include the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system

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Week 1 PDF - Human Body Cells Biology

Description

Explore the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology, focusing on the structure and function of cells and organ systems. This quiz covers topics such as homeostasis, cell division, and the cell membrane's role in maintaining cellular integrity. Test your knowledge about the diverse cell types and their functions.

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