Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cranial nerve is responsible for lateral eye movement?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for lateral eye movement?
- Facial
- Trochlear
- Oculomotor
- Abducens (correct)
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
- Visual processing (correct)
- Hearing
- Emotional response
- Language comprehension
During which stage of prenatal development does the formation of pharyngeal arches occur?
During which stage of prenatal development does the formation of pharyngeal arches occur?
- Fetal Stage
- Neonatal Stage
- Embryonic Stage (correct)
- Germinal Stage
Which area of the brain is associated with speech production?
Which area of the brain is associated with speech production?
What is the primary responsibility of the respiratory zone?
What is the primary responsibility of the respiratory zone?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and contraction of the pharynx?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste and contraction of the pharynx?
What developmental milestone occurs during the fetal stage?
What developmental milestone occurs during the fetal stage?
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
What is the function of the coronal plane in anatomical terms?
What is the function of the coronal plane in anatomical terms?
Which type of tissue is responsible for conducting electrical impulses?
Which type of tissue is responsible for conducting electrical impulses?
Which of the following best describes the smooth muscle?
Which of the following best describes the smooth muscle?
The insertion of a muscle is defined as what?
The insertion of a muscle is defined as what?
What does the autonomic nervous system primarily control?
What does the autonomic nervous system primarily control?
What characterizes the sympathetic nervous system?
What characterizes the sympathetic nervous system?
Which system serves as the communication network of the body?
Which system serves as the communication network of the body?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four systems of speech?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four systems of speech?
What is the primary function of the geniohyoid muscle?
What is the primary function of the geniohyoid muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
What describes the phenomenon of vocal jitter?
What describes the phenomenon of vocal jitter?
Which statement is true about the infrahyoid muscles?
Which statement is true about the infrahyoid muscles?
How can pitch be increased when speaking?
How can pitch be increased when speaking?
What type of phonation pattern characterizes normal conversation?
What type of phonation pattern characterizes normal conversation?
What best describes medial compression of the vocal folds?
What best describes medial compression of the vocal folds?
What is the range of normal phonation?
What is the range of normal phonation?
What is the primary function of central pattern generators?
What is the primary function of central pattern generators?
What happens during the terminal saccular phase of lung development?
What happens during the terminal saccular phase of lung development?
Which condition is characterized by the destruction of alveoli?
Which condition is characterized by the destruction of alveoli?
Which muscle is responsible for tensing the vocal folds?
Which muscle is responsible for tensing the vocal folds?
What is a characteristic feature of asthma?
What is a characteristic feature of asthma?
What is the role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?
What is the role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?
What distinguishes pleurisy from other respiratory conditions?
What distinguishes pleurisy from other respiratory conditions?
Which structure is the most superior part of the larynx?
Which structure is the most superior part of the larynx?
What is the primary function of the abdominal muscles in respiration?
What is the primary function of the abdominal muscles in respiration?
What does Boyle's Law primarily describe in relation to respiration?
What does Boyle's Law primarily describe in relation to respiration?
Which of the following measurements represents the total volume of air exhaled after maximal inhalation?
Which of the following measurements represents the total volume of air exhaled after maximal inhalation?
What term describes the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation?
What term describes the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation?
What is a spirometer used to measure?
What is a spirometer used to measure?
Which of the following lists all the types of respiratory pressures?
Which of the following lists all the types of respiratory pressures?
What is the definition of Dead Air in the context of respiration?
What is the definition of Dead Air in the context of respiration?
What does Total Lung Capacity encompass?
What does Total Lung Capacity encompass?
What is presbyphonia primarily characterized by?
What is presbyphonia primarily characterized by?
What condition is associated with localized growths on the vocal folds due to vocal abuse?
What condition is associated with localized growths on the vocal folds due to vocal abuse?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible?
What is the result of vocal fold paralysis?
What is the result of vocal fold paralysis?
Which muscle is responsible for retracting the corners of the mouth?
Which muscle is responsible for retracting the corners of the mouth?
Which condition leads to difficulty producing speech sounds, often resulting in hoarseness?
Which condition leads to difficulty producing speech sounds, often resulting in hoarseness?
What does the Source Filter Theory explain?
What does the Source Filter Theory explain?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for depressing the angle of the mouth?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for depressing the angle of the mouth?
Flashcards
Coronal Plane
Coronal Plane
A plane that divides the body into front and back portions.
Sagittal Plane
Sagittal Plane
A plane that divides the body into right and left halves.
Transverse Plane
Transverse Plane
A plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue
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Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
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Origin of a Muscle
Origin of a Muscle
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Insertion of a Muscle
Insertion of a Muscle
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Optic Nerve Function
Optic Nerve Function
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3rd Cranial Nerve
3rd Cranial Nerve
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Temporal Lobe Function
Temporal Lobe Function
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Occipital Lobe Function
Occipital Lobe Function
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Cerebellum Function
Cerebellum Function
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Conducting Zone Function
Conducting Zone Function
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Germinal Stage
Germinal Stage
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Fetal Stage
Fetal Stage
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Internal Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
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Abdominal Muscles
Abdominal Muscles
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Boyle's Law (Respiration)
Boyle's Law (Respiration)
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Respiratory Volumes
Respiratory Volumes
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Spirometer
Spirometer
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Tidal Volume
Tidal Volume
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Vital Capacity
Vital Capacity
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Residual Volume
Residual Volume
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Terminal Saccular Phase
Terminal Saccular Phase
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Alveolar Stage
Alveolar Stage
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Bronchitis
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Emphysema
Emphysema
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Asthma
Asthma
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Pleurisy
Pleurisy
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Hyoid Bone
Hyoid Bone
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Digastric (Anterior Belly)
Digastric (Anterior Belly)
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Digastric (Posterior Belly)
Digastric (Posterior Belly)
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Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid
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Geniohyoid
Geniohyoid
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Infrahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
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Vocal Fold Function
Vocal Fold Function
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Sound Level Meter
Sound Level Meter
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Videostroboscopy
Videostroboscopy
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Presbyphonia
Presbyphonia
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Vocal Nodules
Vocal Nodules
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Vocal Polyps
Vocal Polyps
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Vocal Fold Paralysis
Vocal Fold Paralysis
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Laryngitis
Laryngitis
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Disphonia
Disphonia
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Neurogenic Vocal Disorders
Neurogenic Vocal Disorders
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Source-Filter Theory
Source-Filter Theory
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Study Notes
Anatomical Planes
- Coronal plane divides the body into front and back portions.
- Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides.
- Transverse plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Tissues
- Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.
- Connective tissue supports the body and connects its parts.
- Nervous tissue carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and body parts.
- Muscular tissue contracts and moves body parts.
- Skeletal/striated muscle is attached to bones and moves them.
Muscle Attachments
- Origin: The attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during contraction.
- Insertion: The attachment of a muscle tendon to a movable bone or the opposite end of the origin.
- Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in internal organs.
- Cardiac muscle is involuntary and only found in the heart.
Systems of Speech
- Respiration
- Phonation
- Resonation
- Articulation
Nervous System
- Central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral nervous system is outside the brain and spinal cord.
- Autonomic nervous system controls glands and internal organs (e.g., heart).
- Somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles.
- Sympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" response.
- Parasympathetic nervous system helps the body return to a normal resting state.
Cranial Nerves (by number)
- 3rd Cranial nerve (Oculomotor): Eye movement
- 4th Cranial nerve (Trochlear): Ability to look down
- 5th Cranial nerve (Trigeminal): Facial sensation
- 6th Cranial nerve (Abducens): Lateral eye movement
- 7th Cranial nerve (Facial): Facial expressions
- 8th Cranial nerve (Vestibulocochlear): Hearing and balance
- 9th Cranial nerve (Glossopharyngeal): Taste, pharynx contraction
- 10th Cranial nerve (Vagus): Sensation and movement of heart, lungs, and throat.
- 11th Cranial nerve (Accessory): Contraction of neck and shoulder muscles
- 12th Cranial nerve (Hypoglossal): Tongue movement
Brain Lobes
- Frontal lobe: Reasoning, planning, speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving.
- Temporal lobe: Hearing and language.
- Parietal lobe: Body senses.
- Occipital lobe: Visual processing.
- Cerebellum: Balance and coordination.
- Brain stem: Involuntary responses.
- Broca's area: Speech production.
- Wernicke's area: Language comprehension
Prenatal Development Stages
- Germinal stage: First 2 weeks after conception.
- Embryonic stage: Weeks 3-8, formation of pharyngeal arches, development of respiratory and digestive tracts.
- Fetal stage: Week 9 to birth, maturation of lungs.
Respiratory System Anatomy
- Conducting zone: Transports air to the lungs.
- Respiratory zone: Gas exchange occurs, includes upper and lower respiratory systems.
- Thorax: Located between the neck and abdomen, includes the bony thorax and visceral thorax.
- Bony thorax: Vertebral column, ribs, sternum.
- Visceral thorax: Mouth, nose, lungs, diaphragm, mediastinum, respiratory passageways.
- Vertebral column: Protects, supports the body's axis, and allows for movement.
- True ribs: First 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum.
- False ribs (8-10): Attach to the sternum via cartilage.
- Floating ribs (11-12): Do not attach to the sternum.
- 3 parts of sternum: Manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process.
- Bronchial tree: Main, secondary, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchi, alveoli
- Left lung: 2 lobes
- Right lung: 3 lobes
- Mediastinum: Space between the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
Respiratory Muscles
- Muscles of inspiration: Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis major/minor, scalenes, sternomastoid.
- Muscles of expiration: Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles.
Respiratory Measurements
- Spirometer: Measures respiratory volumes.
- Manometer: Measures pressure using water displacement.
- Respiratory pressures: Atmospheric, intrapleural, intraoral, subglottal, alveolar.
- Volume capacities: Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity.
Vocal Production
- Sound level meter: Measures sound intensity.
- Videostroboscopy: Stop-action video showing vocal folds.
- Modal phonation: Normal phonation pattern.
- Falsetto: High voice.
- Vocal fry: Low frequency, non-vibrating vocal folds.
- Myoelastic aerodynamic theory: Vocal fold vibration due to air pressure and elasticity.
- Mucoviscoelastic aerodynamic theory: Vocal folds as loose strands of mass.
- Neurochronaxic theory: Neural impulses initiate vocal fold vibration.
- Medial compression: Force applied to vocal folds.
- Range of phonation: Typically 2 octaves.
- Maximum phonation time: Duration of continuous phonation.
Voice Disorders and Anatomy
- Vocal Jitter: Perturbation of cycle-to-cycle differences in vocal fold vibration.
- Breathiness: Audible air escape.
- Presbyphonia: Age-related voice changes in quality, range.
- Presbylarynx: Age-related laryngeal changes.
- Vocal nodules: Localized growths.
- Vocal polyps: Fluid-filled lesions.
- Vocal fold paralysis: Immobilization.
- Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx.
- Dysphonia: Difficulty producing speech sounds.
- Neurogenic based disorders: Voice disorders from neurological damage
- Buccinator: Muscle used to suck in cheeks
- Risorius: Superficial muscle that retracts the corner of the mouth.
- Levator anguli oris: Elevates lip.
- Depressor anguli oris: Depresses lip.
- Zygomaticus major: Draws angles of the mouth upward and backward.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts about anatomical planes, types of tissues, and muscle attachments. Additionally, it touches upon the systems involved in speech production. Test your knowledge on the foundational elements of human anatomy and physiology.
