HESP 305 PDF - Study Guide

HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 1. Coronal Plane divides body into front and back 2. saggital plane divides the body into a right and left side 3. transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts 4. Epithelial tissue Tissu...

HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 1. Coronal Plane divides body into front and back 2. saggital plane divides the body into a right and left side 3. transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts 4. Epithelial tissue Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. 5. Connective tis- A body tissue that provides support for the body and sue connects all of its parts 6. Nervous tissue A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. 7. Muscular tissue Contracts and moves the various parts of the body. 8. Skeletal/striated A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and muscle provides the force that moves the bones. 1 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 9. Origin attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed dur- ing muscular contraction 10. insertion The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone or the end opposite the origin 11. smooth muscle Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body 12. cardiac muscle Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. 13. 4 systems of 1. Respiration speech 2. Phonation 3. Resonation 4. Articulation 14. Central Nervous brain and spinal cord System 15. periphreal ner- nerves outside the brain and spinal cord vous system 16. autonomic ner- the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the vous system glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). 17. somatic nervous the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls system the body's skeletal muscles 18. sympathetic ner- fight or flight vous system 19. parasympathet- a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal ic nervous resting state system 20. 1st Cranial Nerve Olfactory- smell and taste 21. Optic - sight 2 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 2nd Cranial Nerve 22. 3rd Cranial Nerve Oculomotor (eye movement) 23. 4th cranial nerve Trochlear - ability to look down 24. 5th cranial nerve Trigeminal - facial sensation 25. 6th cranial nerve Abducens - lateral eye movement 26. 7th cranial nerve Facial - Expressions 27. 8th cranial nerve Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance 28. 9th cranial nerve Glossopharyngeal - taste, contraction of pharynx 29. 10th cranial Vagus - Sensation and movement of heart, lungs, throat, nerve and GI tract 30. 11th cranial Accessory - contraction of neck and shoulder muscles nerve 31. 12th cranial Hypoglossal - tongue movement nerve 32. Frontal lobe associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving 33. temporal lobe A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language. 34. Partial lobe Responsible for body sense 35. Occipital lobe visual processing 36. Cerebellum Balance and coordination 37. brain stem involuntary responses 38. Broca's area speech production 3 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 39. Wernicke's area language comprehension 40. Germinal Stage the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception 41. embryonic stage 3 - 8 weeks - formation of pharyngeal arches - development of respiratory and digestive tracts - brain and spinal cord develop 42. fetal stage 9 weeks - birth - vocal folds and larynx - tongue and vocal cavity - swallowing reflex - maturation of lungs 43. cleft lip and congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth palate 44. Conducting zone include all the airways that transport air to the lungs 45. Respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs, includes upper and lower respiratory systems 46. Thorax - located between the neck and the abdomen - includes the bony thorax and the visceral thorax 47. Bony thorax - vertebral column - ribs - sternum - pectoral and pelvic girdle 48. Visceral thorax -mouth and nose - lungs - diaphragm - mediastinum - respiratory passageways 49. Vertebral column protects, supports, axis, movement 4 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 50. True ribs first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum 51. false ribs Ribs 8-12, attached to the sternum via coastal cartilage 52. Floating ribs Ribs 11-12, do not attach to the sternum 53. 3 parts of ster- - manubrium (top handle, facets for clavicle and first rib) num - corpus (body, facets for ribs 2-7) -xiphoid process (bony protrusion at the bottom) 54. Respiratory pas- -part of the visceral thorax sageway -connects lungs with the external environment - mouth, trachea, bronchial passages, alveoli 55. Bronchial tree mainstream bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchi, alveoli 56. left lung 2 lobes, 2 secondary bronchi 57. right lung 3 lobes, 3 secondary bronchi 58. Mediastinum Space in the thorax cavity, between the lungs 59. Muscles of inspi- diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis major/minor, ration scalenes, sternomastoid 60. Muscles of expi- internal intercostals and abdominal muscles ration 61. Diaphragm Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing 62. external inter- elevates ribs during inspiration costals 63. Sternocleidomas- flexes neck; rotates head toid 64. Scalenes elevates first two ribs 5 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 65. Pectoralis major Adducts and flexes humerus 66. Pectoralis minor stabilizes scapula 67. Internal inter- depresses ribs costals 68. Abdominal mus- compresses abdomen and pushes the diaphragm up cles 69. Boyles Law for When the lungs expand, air goes into the lungs Res 70. Pulmonary venti- breathing lation 71. Measurements volume and pressure of respiration 72. Spirometer an instrument used to measure respiratory volumes 73. Manometer instrument to measure pressure using water displace- ment 74. Respiratory 1. atmospheric pressures 2. intrapleural 3. intraoral 4. subglottal 5. Alveolar 75. volume size or extent of a three-dimensional space in the respi- ratory system 76. capacities optimum level/max volume 77. Tidal Volume Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath 78. Inspiratory Re- Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal serve Volume tidal volume inhalation 6 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 79. Expiratory Re- Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal serve Volume tidal volume exhalation 80. Residual Volume Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exha- lation 81. Dead Air volume of air within the conducting passageways that cannot be involved in gas exchange 82. Inspiratory Ca- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume pacity 83. Vital Capacity The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation. 84. Functional expiratory reserve volume + residual volume Residual Capacity 85. Total Lung Ca- vital capacity + residual volume pacity 86. Relaxation Pres- the pressure produced entirely by the passive force of the sure breathing apparatus 87. Pseudoglandu- Weeks 5 to 17, terminal bronchioles form but respiration lar stage is NOT possible. 88. canalicular 16-25 weeks, bronchioles enlarge, and lung tissue vascu- phase larizes 89. Terminal saccu- 24 weeks to late fetal period, terminal saccules develop lar phase and will become alveoli 90. Alveolar stage late fetal period - 8years, alveoli develop and multiply 91. Central Pattern neural structures that orchestrate complex movements Generators 92. chronic bronchitis, emphysema 7 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 chronic obstruc- tive pulmonary disease (COPD) 93. chronic bronchi- inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time tis 94. emphysema destroys alveoli 95. Asthma A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. 96. lung cancer a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung 97. pleurisy an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath 98. sleep apnea a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep 99. pulmonary fibro- the formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in de- sis creased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breath- ing 100. Hyoid bone a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue. 101. cricoarytenoid controls vocal folds movement for speecg joint 102. cricothyroid joint tilts thyroid to stretch vocal folds 103. laryngeal most superior part of the larynx vestibule 104. laryngeal ventri- space between true and false vocal folds cle 105. infraglottic area inferior to the vocal folds space 8 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 106. thyroid muscle elevate larynx 107. sternothyroid depresses larynx 108. cricothyroid tenses vocal folds 109. thyroartyenoid vocal folds relaxer muscle (TA) 110. posterior abducts vocal folds cricoarytenoid 111. lateral cricoary- addcut vocal folds and increase medial compression tenoid 112. transverse and assist is adduction of vocal folds oblique 113. Suprahyoid Mus- digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid cles 114. Digastric (Anteri- draws hyoid up, trigeminal nerve or Belly) 115. Digastric (Poste- elevate and retract hyoid, facial nerve rior Belly) 116. Mylohyoid elevate hyoid and depress mandible, trigeminal nerve 117. Geniohyoid elevate hyoid and depress mandible, hyppoglossal and C1 118. Infrahyoid depress larynx 119. sternohyoid elevates and retracts hyoid, facial nerve 120. omohyoid depresses hyoid, C1 121. function of vocal enables phonation, whispering, and breathing folds 9 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 122. sound level me- measures intensity of sound pressure emanating from a ter source 123. Videostro- stop action video that see the vocal folds boscopy 124. modal phonation phonatory pattern used during normal phonation 125. falsetto high voice 126. vocal fry the practice of speaking in the lowest voice register to pro- duce a popping or creaky sound at a very low frequency 127. whisper non vibrating vocal folds 128. Myoelastic Aero- the vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure dynamic Theory of air and the elasticity of the vocal folds 129. Mucoviscoelas- vocal folds as loose strands of mass tic Aerodynamic Theory: Tietze 130. Neurochronaxic each vibration is initiated by neural impulses, not true in Theory of Vocal humans Fold Vibration 131. medial compres- the degree of force that may be applied by the vocal folds sion at their point of contact 132. how to raise increase tension and decrease mass pitch 133. how to lower decrease tension and increase mass pitch 134. range of phona- Normal is 2 octaves tion 135. maximum duration an individual is capable of sustaining a phonation phonation time 10 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 136. vocal jitter perturbation - cycle by cycle differences in vocal fold vibration 137. breathiness audible air escape in the voice 138. presbyphonia An age-related voice disorder characterized by perceptu- al changes in quality, range, loudness, and pitch in the older speaker's voice. 139. presbylarynx Age-related changes to the larynx 140. vocal nodules localized growths on the vocal folds that are associated with vocal abuse 141. vocal polyps Fluid filled lesions that develop when blood vessels in rupture and swell 142. vocal fold paraly- Immobilization of the vocal fold, usually due to nerve sis damage 143. laryngitis inflammation of the larynx 144. disphonia difficulty producing speech sounds, usually due to hoarseness, spasmodic or muscle tension 145. neurogenic result of neurological damage, causes monotone voice based vocal and reduced intensity disorders 146. Buccinator Used to suck in your cheeks 147. Risourius superficial - retracts corner of mouth 148. levator anguli elevates lip oris 149. depressor anguli depresses angle of mouth oris 150. zygomatic major 11 / 12  HESP 305 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fjzro1 Draws angles of mouth upward and backward, as in laughing 151. zygomatic minor elevates upper lip 152. Masseter elevates mandible 153. Platysma depresses mandible 154. Mentalis Elevates and protrudes lower lip 155. depressor labii draws lower lip down and in inferioris 156. levator labii su- raises upper lip and flares nostril (raise upper lip is prima- perioris ry) 157. levator labii su- raises upper lip and flares nostril (flares nostril is primary) perioris alaeque nasi 158. Orbicularis Orbis controls movements of lips 159. Source Filter Energy from a sound source (vocal folds) is modified by Theory the resonating system (a filter) to yield the acoustic signal of speech. From vowels, the energy source is usually VF vibration and resonating system in vocal tract 12 / 12