Anatomy and Movement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of lateral rotation of the arm?

  • Movement toward the median plane
  • Raising a body part toward the cephalic end
  • Combined movement of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
  • Rotation away from the median plane (correct)

Which of the following movements involves raising a body part towards the head?

  • Circumduction
  • Retraction
  • Depression
  • Elevation (correct)

Which anatomical movement is characterized by the palm facing backward?

  • Opposition
  • Inversion
  • Supination
  • Pronation (correct)

What describes the movement of the thumb to touch the other fingers?

<p>Opposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the movement that causes the plantar surface of the foot to face outward?

<p>Eversion of foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones collectively make up the shoulder girdle?

<p>Clavicle and scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are there in the upper limb skeleton?

<p>20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Sternum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a bone in the pelvic girdle?

<p>Ilium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of carpal bones in the upper limb skeleton?

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is known as the collarbone?

<p>Clavicle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ribs in the human skeleton?

<p>Protect the organs in the chest cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as part of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the patella in the human skeleton?

<p>Functions as the kneecap (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are found in the human body?

<p>28 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total calories from protein is recommended for an average adult?

<p>10-20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein classification?

<p>Hybrid Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes conjugated proteins?

<p>Proteins with a non-protein component (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much protein is recommended per kilogram of body weight for an average adult?

<p>1 gram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are formed from simple proteins by enzyme action during digestion?

<p>Peptones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the anterior part of the cranial cavity?

<p>Frontal bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of body cavities?

<p>To protect and support internal organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is not part of the lower limb?

<p>Humerus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two bones provide lateral protection in the cranial cavity?

<p>Temporal bones (A), Parietal bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Producing voluntary movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of symptoms in a medical context?

<p>Subjective changes in bodily functions felt by the patient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves tapping on body surfaces to assess underlying structures?

<p>Percussion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute disease from chronic disease?

<p>Acute disease is characterized by a short duration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the development of a disease?

<p>Pathogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a group of symptoms occurring together characteristic of a specific condition?

<p>Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the underlying reasons for a disease?

<p>Etiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of homeostasis in the context of disease?

<p>It maintains a stable internal environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of physical examination?

<p>Etiology analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble vitamins?

<p>Vitamin A, D, E, K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of Vitamin D?

<p>Deposition of calcium in bones and teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is specifically involved in blood clotting?

<p>Vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition may lead to mineral deficiencies?

<p>Chronic bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known to help with collagen formation and iron absorption?

<p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of potassium in the body?

<p>Maintaining resting membrane potential of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is primarily associated with blood coagulation and muscle contraction?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of iron in the body?

<p>Component of hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these minerals is known for its role in DNA synthesis and immune function?

<p>Zinc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does magnesium play in the body?

<p>Cofactor for biochemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the protein layer in the cell membrane?

<p>To aid in the transport of substances across the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the cell membrane allows for the entry of oxygen and the exit of carbon dioxide?

<p>Selective permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms a loose covering known as the glycocalyx in the cell membrane?

<p>Carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

<p>Transporting genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the cytoplasm within the cell?

<p>Clear liquid called cytosol and various substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acids are primarily found in vegetable oils?

<p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

<p>They contain two or more double bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fatty acid is categorized as an omega-3 fatty acid?

<p>Linolenic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Omega-6 fatty acids are primarily found in which type of oils?

<p>Safflower and sunflower oils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a deficiency of essential fatty acids?

<p>Growth retardation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids is NOT classified as saturated?

<p>Linoleic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins can be classified based on their solubility. Which of the following is considered water-soluble?

<p>Vitamin C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of daily caloric intake is recommended to be derived from essential fatty acids?

<p>3% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medial Rotation

Movement towards the midline of the body.

Lateral Rotation

Movement away from the midline of the body.

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb.

Pronation

Medial rotation of the forearm, palm faces backward.

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Supination

Lateral rotation of the forearm, palm faces forward.

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Skull Function

Protects the brain.

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Clavicle

Collar bone, connecting the shoulder to the chest.

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Rib Function

Protects vital organs in the chest.

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Femur

Thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the body.

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Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the limbs (arms and legs).

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Cranial Cavity Location

Hollow space in the head, formed by fused cranial bones.

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Appendicular Skeleton Parts

The appendicular skeleton includes the shoulder girdles and upper limbs, and the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

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Shoulder Girdle Bones

The shoulder girdle is made up of the clavicle and scapula.

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Cranial Bones

Eight fused bones forming the cranial cavity.

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Pelvic Girdle Structure

The pelvic girdle is formed by two hip bones (innominate bones) and the sacrum.

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Cranial Cavity Function

Protects delicate structures like blood vessels and nerves.

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Upper Limb Bone Count

The upper limb skeleton has the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges.

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Appendicular Skeleton Movement

The skeletal system part involved in voluntary body movements.

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Lower Limb Main Bones

The lower limb skeleton is made of the ilium, ischium, pubis, and femur.

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Lower Limb Bones

Bones of the lower leg, foot and knee.

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Simple Protein

Made only of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

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Conjugated Protein

Protein with a non-protein part (e.g., sugar or fat).

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Derived Protein

Created from simple proteins during digestion.

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Protein Daily Needs

Adults need 1-2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight (10-20% of daily calories).

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Protein Role

Essential for energy and tissue building/repair, vital daily functions.

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Symptoms

Subjective changes in bodily functions felt by the patient.

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Signs

Objective changes observable by others indicative of a condition.

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Acute Disease

Disease with sudden onset and short duration.

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Chronic Disease

Disease with gradual onset and persistent course.

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Disease

Specific pathologic condition affecting the body.

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Disorder

Abnormality in body structure or function.

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Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment for optimal cellular function.

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Pathogenesis

The development of a disease.

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Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fat and are stored in the body, including vitamins A, D, E, and K.

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Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, including B vitamins and vitamin C and folic acid.

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Vitamin A function

Important for vision, skin and mucous membranes, growth, and reproduction; has antioxidant properties.

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Vitamin D function

Essential for calcium absorption, bone growth, and teeth development.

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Mineral deficiencies

Uncommon if diet includes variety of foods, but can be cause by malabsorption, chronic bleeding, kidney diseases or other health problems. Toxicity can arise when absorption control fails.

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Sodium Function

Regulates blood volume, pressure, osmotic pressure, and pH; important for nerve and muscle function.

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Potassium Function

Crucial for cell function, nerve impulse transmission, osmotic balance, and pH, as well as cardiac rhythm.

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Calcium Function

Essential for bone formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, hormone release, and enzyme support.

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Phosphorus Function

Important for bone formation, energy production (ATP), protein synthesis, and cell growth/repair.

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Magnesium Function

A co-factor for many reactions, impacting immunity, bone health, blood sugar, and DNA.

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Cell Membrane Function

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, protecting its contents.

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Cytoplasm Composition

The jelly-like substance inside a cell; mostly water with proteins, carbs, fats, and electrolytes; holds organelles.

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Selective Permeability

Cell membrane's ability to allow some substances in and block others.

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Cell Membrane Proteins

Proteins embedded in the membrane move substances, detect signals, or connect cells.

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Cytosol

The liquid part of the cytoplasm.

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Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds between carbon atoms.

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Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

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Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

Unsaturated fatty acids with only one double bond.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Unsaturated fatty acids with two or more double bonds.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A type of polyunsaturated fatty acid crucial for health.

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Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

Fatty acids the body needs but cannot produce on its own.

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Vitamin Classification

Vitamins are classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble.

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Linoleic Acid

A polyunsaturated fatty acid important for many bodily functions.

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