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Questions and Answers
Which of the following directional terms describes a location closer to the point of attachment?
Which cavity contains the stomach?
What is the function of the small intestine?
What is the direction of food movement in the GI tract?
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What does the suffix '-itis' indicate?
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What is the function of the large intestine?
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Study Notes
Anatomy
Body Regions
- Anterior (front) and posterior (back)
- Proximal (near the point of attachment) and distal (far from the point of attachment)
- Medial (toward the midline) and lateral (away from the midline)
- Superior (above) and inferior (below)
Body Cavities
- Cranial cavity (skull)
- Thoracic cavity (chest)
- Abdominal cavity
- Pelvic cavity
Gastrointestinal (GI) System
Gastrointestinal (GI) System
Organs
- Mouth (buccal cavity)
- Functions: mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- Esophagus
- Functions: passage of food to stomach
- Stomach
- Functions: mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- Functions: absorption of nutrients
- Large intestine (colon, rectum, anus)
- Functions: absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins; elimination of waste
GI Tract Directions
- Oral (mouth) -> abdominal (stomach) -> intestinal (small and large)
Suffixes
- -itis: inflammation (e.g., gastritis - inflammation of the stomach)
- -oma: tumor (e.g., carcinoma - cancerous tumor)
- -algia: pain (e.g., gastralgia - stomach pain)
- -ectomy: surgical removal (e.g., gastrectomy - removal of the stomach)
Anatomy
Body Regions
- Anterior refers to the front of the body
- Posterior refers to the back of the body
- Proximal refers to a location near the point of attachment
- Distal refers to a location far from the point of attachment
- Medial refers to a location toward the midline of the body
- Lateral refers to a location away from the midline of the body
- Superior refers to a location above
- Inferior refers to a location below
Body Cavities
- The cranial cavity is located in the skull
- The thoracic cavity is located in the chest
- The abdominal cavity is located in the abdominal region
- The pelvic cavity is located in the pelvic region
Gastrointestinal (GI) System
Organs of the GI System
- The mouth (buccal cavity) is responsible for mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- The esophagus enables the passage of food to the stomach
- The stomach performs mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is responsible for absorption of nutrients
- The large intestine (colon, rectum, anus) is responsible for absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins, as well as elimination of waste
Directions of the GI Tract
- The direction of the GI tract is from the oral (mouth) to the abdominal (stomach) and then to the intestinal (small and large)
Suffixes in GI System Terminology
- The suffix -itis indicates inflammation
- The suffix -oma indicates a tumor
- The suffix -algia indicates pain
- The suffix -ectomy indicates surgical removal
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Description
Test your knowledge of human anatomy, including body regions and cavities, as well as the organs and functions of the gastrointestinal system.
