Gastrointestinal System: Stomach and Spleen

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lesser omentum?

Connecting the spleen to the diaphragm

Attaching the stomach to the liver (correct)

Holding the pancreas in place

Supporting the small intestine

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the stomach wall?

Muscularis externa

Adventitia (correct)

Submucosa

Mucosa

What is the relationship between the stomach and the spleen in terms of arterial supply?

The stomach is supplied by the splenic artery, while the spleen is supplied by the left gastric artery

The stomach is supplied by the gastroduodenal artery, while the spleen is supplied by the splenic artery

They share a common arterial supply from the celiac trunk (correct)

The stomach and spleen have separate arterial supplies from different branches of the aorta

What is the term for enlargement of the spleen?

Splenomegaly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the stomach?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal position of the stomach in the abdominal cavity?

In the upper left quadrant, beneath the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fundus in the stomach?

Storage of air Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell in the gastric glands produces somatostatin?

D cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gastrin in the pyloric antrum?

Stimulating motility of the intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pylorus?

Regulation of what leaves the antrum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the body of the stomach?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of failure to produce or utilize intrinsic factor?

Pernicious anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parietal cells in the gastric glands?

Secretion of hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the pyloric antrum?

High proportion of gastrin-secreting cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sphincter in the stomach?

To close the pyloric canal and prevent the entry of chyme into the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the lesser omentum connected to?

The liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the greater omentum?

To suspend the stomach in the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity formed by the posterior layer of the lesser sac?

Lesser sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the contraction of the sphincteric muscle?

The pyloric canal is closed Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the stomach in the abdominal cavity?

Intraperitoneal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the examination of the abdomen for spleen enlargement?

Abdominal palpation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the canal between the stomach and the duodenum?

Pyloric canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertebral level at which the coeliac trunk arises from the abdominal aorta?

T12 Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the coeliac trunk supplies the liver?

Common hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the splenic artery?

It is tortuous Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach receives branches from the splenic artery?

Upper half Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the left gastric artery?

To supply the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Why does the stomach receive branches from the common hepatic and splenic arteries?

Because the left gastric artery is very small Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the coeliac trunk in the foregut?

It supplies all the upper abdominal organs Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the stomach receives branches from the common hepatic artery?

Lower half Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the greater splanchnic nerves on the intrinsic plexuses of the stomach?

They inhibit peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic nerves synapse to reach the organs of the upper abdominal cavity?

In the ganglia located at the root of the coeliac trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of pain experienced in the epigastric region of the body wall, when the pain signal originates from the stomach?

Referred pain Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves carry the parasympathetic preganglionic fibres to the stomach?

Vagus nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves that supply the stomach?

In the walls of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the body may also be involved in the referred pain from the stomach?

The area between the shoulder blades at the back Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Stomach

The stomach is an intraperitoneal organ located in the upper abdominal cavity.
It has four parts: cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric region.
The body of the stomach is a storage site for ingested food, broken down by hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen released from the stomach wall.
Gastric glands in the body of the stomach contain goblet cells that secrete mucus, protecting the stomach wall from hydrochloric acid.
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, which helps absorb vitamin B12 in the intestine, and pepsinogen, which helps digest proteins.
D cells secrete somatostatin, inhibiting acid secretion, while G cells stimulate acid secretion by producing gastrin.

The Pyloric Region

The pyloric region consists of the pyloric antrum, pylorus, and pyloric canal.
The pyloric antrum has a high proportion of gastrin-secreting cells, increasing the motility of the intestines.
There is a lot of mixing and grinding of chyme in the pyloric antrum, with peristaltic waves pushing the chyme towards the pylorus.
The pylorus contains a sphincter to control what leaves the antrum, formed by a ring of smooth muscle.

The Greater and Lesser Omentum

The stomach is attached to the lesser curvature by the lesser omentum, which connects to the liver.
The greater curvature of the stomach gives rise to the greater omentum.

The Wall of the Stomach

The wall of the stomach consists of multiple layers.

The Relations of the Stomach

The stomach has various relations, including the lesser sac.

Arterial Supply, Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of the Stomach and Spleen

The coeliac trunk is the key artery of the foregut, supplying all of the upper abdominal organs.
The coeliac trunk arises from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta, shortly after the aorta appears through the aortic opening in the diaphragm.
The branches of the coeliac trunk include the common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries.
The lower half of the stomach takes branches from the common hepatic, while the upper half is mostly supplied by the splenic artery.

Nerve Supply of the Stomach

The vagus nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers along the oesophagus and give branches to each of the organs.
The post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves are located in the walls of these organs.
The left vagus nerve forms the anterior vagal trunk for the stomach, while the right vagus nerve forms the posterior vagal trunk.

The Spleen

The spleen is an organ located in the upper abdominal cavity.

Note: These notes focus on the key points and facts presented in the original text, organized by topic.

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Description

Learn about the position, form, and functions of the stomach, as well as the locations of the greater and lesser omenta. Discover the layers of the stomach and its role in the digestive system.