Anatomy and Function of the Tongue and Salivary Glands

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of the mucosal barrier in the stomach?

To absorb nutrients from the stomach contents

To regulate the pH of the stomach contents

To protect the stomach wall from the acidic environment (correct)

To produce digestive enzymes

Which of the following is the most essential function of intrinsic factor?

Production of digestive enzymes

Breakdown of protein

Absorption of vitamin B12 (correct)

Regulation of stomach emptying

What is the main reason for the occurrence of stomach ulcers?

Prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (correct)

Bacterial infection with H. pylori

Excessive production of hydrochloric acid

Insufficient production of bicarbonate-rich mucus

Which type of digestion is responsible for the breakdown of $5(7 + 3)$ in the stomach?

Chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the intestinal phase of digestion?

To control the emptying of the stomach contents into the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the gastric phase of digestion?

To prepare the stomach for the arrival of food and initiate the digestive process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the tongue is incorrect?

The lingual frenulum connects the tongue to the soft palate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pH range of saliva?

6.35 - 6.85 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following teeth are used for tearing up food?

Cuspids (canines) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

It covers the larynx to prevent food from entering the trachea. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx handles both air and food?

Oropharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the esophagus?

10 inches Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the small intestine is incorrect?

The jejunum is the longest section of the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for increasing the surface area of the small intestine for enhanced absorption?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of peristalsis in the small intestine?

To move chyme through the intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the duodenum is correct?

It contains duodenal glands that secrete bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucous. Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for all food to leave the small intestine?

3-5 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the mucous secreted by the digestive system?

To provide lubrication for the passage of food through the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Valsalva maneuver in the digestive system?

To voluntarily remove feces from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hepatic portal vein in the digestive system?

To deliver nutrients absorbed from the small intestine to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive system?

To emulsify (break down) lipids in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

To secrete digestive enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of diarrhea, according to the information provided?

Movement of feces through the digestive tract too quickly Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme primarily breaks down carbohydrates in the small intestine?

Pancreatic amylase Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of carbohydrate absorption take place in the body?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule cannot be broken down by the body?

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

How are lipids mainly broken down in the small intestine?

By pancreatic lipase Signup and view all the answers

Where is most iron stored in the body if not required?

Intestinal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers