oral cavity, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, mastication muscles

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the oral cavity?

To digest food

To receive secretions from salivary glands (correct)

To produce enzymes

To absorb nutrients

What is the name of the space situated between the lips and cheek and outside the teeth and gums?

Pharynx

Oral cavity proper

Vestibule (correct)

Sublingual region

How many teeth do children have?

20 (correct)

What is the function of the periodontal ligament?

To anchor the tooth to the jaw bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the hard outer layer of the crown of a tooth?

Enamel Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region that contains the openings of the sublingual and submandibular ducts?

Sublingual region Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the tongue deviating to the paralyzed side during protrusion?

The unaffected genioglossus muscle on the other side Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sublingual salivary gland?

Serving as an intrinsic mouthwash Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT a boundary of the parotid region?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a common location of the small accessory salivary glands?

On the palate, lips, and cheeks Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland is involved in the ability to taste?

Parotid Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of saliva secreted by the salivary glands?

Keeping the mucous membrane of the mouth moist Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a loop around the submandibular duct?

Lingual nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the secretion of the submandibular duct that makes it more prone to calculi formation?

It is more viscous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bony landmark that is located in the anterior part of the temporal fossa?

Pterion Signup and view all the answers

How many ducts do the sublingual salivary glands have?

8-20 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures bounds the inferior wall of the temporal fossa?

Zygomatic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the parotid gland?

Inverted pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve pierces the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the duct that passes horizontally from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

Stensen's duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sympathetic nerves in the parotid gland?

Vasomotor function Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve exits through the apex of the parotid gland?

Cervical branch Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ligament that separates the parotid gland from the submandibular salivary gland?

Stylomandibular ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which artery divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries within the parotid gland?

External carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome that occurs due to penetrating wounds of the parotid gland?

Frey's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which vein terminates in the lower part of the parotid gland and divides into anterior and posterior divisions?

Retromandibular vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surgical procedure for the removal of the parotid gland?

Parotidectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of tearing the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery following a blow on the pterion region?

Formation of an extradural hematoma which may compress the motor area of the cerebrum leading to paralysis of the opposite half of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has two heads, the upper head originating from the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?

Lateral pterygoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the deep temporal nerves from the mandibular nerve?

Supply the temporalis muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is situated between the lateral pterygoid plate and the posterior surface of the maxilla?

Infratemporal fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pterygoid venous plexus?

To compress the blood to pump the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?

Coronoid process of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the infratemporal fossa posteriorly?

Tympanic plate and mastoid and styloid processes of the temporal bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles of the same side with similar muscles of the opposite side?

Contract alternatively to produce side to side grinding movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the masseter muscle?

Masseteric nerve from the mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Tuberosity of the maxilla and medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tongue and Salivary Glands

The tongue deviates to the paralyzed side during protrusion due to the unaffected genioglossus muscle on the other side
Salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual; they communicate with the mouth and pour their secretion into its cavity
Saliva:
- Keeps the mucous membrane of the mouth moist
- Lubricates food during mastication
- Begins the digestion of starches
Sublingual gland:
- Serves as an intrinsic "mouthwash"
- Plays significant roles in the prevention of tooth decay and in the ability to taste

Oral Cavity

Oral cavity or mouth is the initial part of the gastrointestinal tract
Receives secretions from salivary glands
Parts of oral cavity:
- Vestibule: outer narrow space situated inside the lips and cheek and outside the teeth and gums
- Oral cavity proper: continuous with the vestibule anteriorly and with the pharynx posteriorly

Teeth

Form part of the masticatory apparatus and are fixed to the jaws
Adults have 32 teeth (permanent teeth); children have 20 teeth (deciduous or milk teeth)
Each half of the jaw contains 3 molar teeth, 2 premolar teeth, 1 canine tooth, and 2 incisor teeth
Parts of a tooth:
- Crown
- Root
- Neck
Structure of a tooth:
- Enamel: the hard outer layer of the crown

Submandibular Gland

Smallest of the three glands
Situated beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
Ducts of sublingual salivary gland:
- 8-20 in number
- Open on the sublingual fold at the sublingual region of oral cavity
Vessels: lingual and facial vessels
Nerve supply of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands:
- Parasympathetic: preganglionic fibers arise from the superior salivatory nucleus of pons
- Sympathetic fibers arise from the superior cervical ganglion
- Sensory fibers run through the lingual nerve

Temporal Fossa

A shallow depression on the side of the skull
Boundaries:
- Superior: superior temporal line
- Inferior wall: zygomatic arch
- Floor: 4 bones - frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid
Contents:
- Temporalis muscle
- Deep temporal nerves and vessels
- Superficial temporal vessels
- Auriculotemporal nerve

Parotid Gland

Largest of the salivary glands
Inverted pyramidal in shape
Situated below the external acoustic meatus and between the mandible (in front) and mastoid process and sternocleidomastoid (behind)
Enclosed within a tough, unyielding fibrous capsule - parotid sheath
Derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia
A portion of deep part of capsule extending between styloid process and mandible thickens to form stylomandibular ligament which separates the parotid gland from the submandibular salivary gland

Parotid Duct

Also known as Stensen's duct
Passes horizontally from the anterior border of the gland
Runs forwards on the masseter
Turns medially and pierces the buccal pad of fat, buccopharyngeal fascia, and buccinator
Opens in the vestibule of the mouth opposite the crown of the upper second molar tooth

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Description

Test your knowledge of the oral cavity, including its parts, functions, and secretions from salivary glands. Learn about the vestibule and oral cavity proper, and how they communicate with the exterior and other parts of the digestive system.