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Questions and Answers
The term 'superior' refers to a position below or away from the head.
The term 'superior' refers to a position below or away from the head.
False
The term 'anterior' refers to the back of the body.
The term 'anterior' refers to the back of the body.
False
The term 'proximal' refers to a position further away from the trunk.
The term 'proximal' refers to a position further away from the trunk.
False
The term 'medial' refers to a position away from the midline of the body.
The term 'medial' refers to a position away from the midline of the body.
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Which of the following are planes of motion?
Which of the following are planes of motion?
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Which of the following are types of movement?
Which of the following are types of movement?
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During an eccentric muscle contraction, the muscle is in tension and shortening.
During an eccentric muscle contraction, the muscle is in tension and shortening.
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An isometric muscle contraction involves the muscle staying the same length.
An isometric muscle contraction involves the muscle staying the same length.
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The term 'agonist' refers to a muscle that opposes the movement of another muscle.
The term 'agonist' refers to a muscle that opposes the movement of another muscle.
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The term 'antagonist' refers to a muscle that assists the agonist in performing the movement.
The term 'antagonist' refers to a muscle that assists the agonist in performing the movement.
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The term 'synergist' refers to a muscle that stabilizes nearby joints.
The term 'synergist' refers to a muscle that stabilizes nearby joints.
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Which of the following are primary functions of muscles?
Which of the following are primary functions of muscles?
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Which of the following are types of muscle fibers?
Which of the following are types of muscle fibers?
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Pennation angle refers to the angle between the muscle fibers and the axis of rotation.
Pennation angle refers to the angle between the muscle fibers and the axis of rotation.
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The insertion of a muscle is the tendon attachment nearest the center of the body.
The insertion of a muscle is the tendon attachment nearest the center of the body.
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In a barbell squat, the up and down motion of the barbell represents linear movement, while the movement at the hip, knee, and ankle represents rotational movement.
In a barbell squat, the up and down motion of the barbell represents linear movement, while the movement at the hip, knee, and ankle represents rotational movement.
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What is the formula for calculating torque?
What is the formula for calculating torque?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Directional Terms
- Superior: Above/towards the head
- Inferior: Below/away from the head
- Anterior: Front
- Posterior: Back
- Proximal: Closer to the trunk
- Distal: Away from the trunk
- Medial: Towards the midline
- Lateral: Away from the midline
Planes of Motion
- Sagittal: From the side
- Transverse: From the top
- Frontal: From the front
Types of Movement
- Flexion/Extension
- Abduction/Adduction
- Lateral/Medial Rotation
- Plantar/Dorsiflexion
Muscle Contraction Types
- Concentric: Muscle tension and shortening
- Eccentric: Muscle tension and lengthening
- Isometric: Muscle tension with no change in length
- Passive: Muscle not in tension
Muscle Roles
- Agonist: Muscles responsible for movement
- Antagonist: Muscles opposing agonists
- Stabilizers: Muscles stabilizing joints
- Synergists: Muscles assisting agonists
Muscle Functions
- Movement production
- Posture maintenance
- Substance storage and movement
- Heat generation and thermoregulation
Muscle Fiber Types
- Parallel
- Pennate
Pennation Angle
- Angle between muscle fibers and the axis of rotation
- Allows for greater muscle contraction force
Muscle Attachments
- Origin: Attachment nearer the body's center
- Insertion: Attachment further from the body's center - pulled towards the origin during muscle contraction
Types of Movement
- Linear: Up and down (e.g. squat up and down motion)
- Rotational: Movement around a joint (e.g. hip, knee, and ankle during squat)
Torque
- Force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the pivot point
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