Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the scenario where the radius of the wheel is greater than the radius of the axle, which component has the mechanical advantage?
In the scenario where the radius of the wheel is greater than the radius of the axle, which component has the mechanical advantage?
- Neither, MA is not a consideration with wheels and axles
- Neither, both wheel and axle are equal and MA=1
- Wheel (correct)
- Axle
Which of these is NOT a primary consideration when determining possible muscle action?
Which of these is NOT a primary consideration when determining possible muscle action?
- Consider what motion is available at the joint
- Consider which joint(s) the muscle crosses
- Consider the location (i.e., posterior, medial) of the muscle at the joint
- Consider the movement resulting from moving tendon of insertion towards tendon of origin (correct)
The length of the muscle during contraction directly affects which of the following factors?
The length of the muscle during contraction directly affects which of the following factors?
- Whether the speed of the contraction will reach its maximum
- The amount of active tension the muscle may develop (correct)
- Determining whether the muscle can reach tetanus
- Determining the number of muscle fibers activated
Which of these characteristics is NOT a common basis for naming skeletal muscles?
Which of these characteristics is NOT a common basis for naming skeletal muscles?
How much muscle tension is required to balance a 5 newton resistance if the distance between the weight and the joint is 20 centimeters, and the distance between the joint and the muscle tendon of insertion is 10 centimeters?
How much muscle tension is required to balance a 5 newton resistance if the distance between the weight and the joint is 20 centimeters, and the distance between the joint and the muscle tendon of insertion is 10 centimeters?
Which of the following lever classes provides the most mechanical advantage, typically used for amplifying force?
Which of the following lever classes provides the most mechanical advantage, typically used for amplifying force?
What effect does increasing the length of the force arm in a lever system have on the mechanical advantage?
What effect does increasing the length of the force arm in a lever system have on the mechanical advantage?
A lever system has a force arm of 10 centimeters and a resistance arm of 50 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of this system?
A lever system has a force arm of 10 centimeters and a resistance arm of 50 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of this system?
How does a wheel and axle system provide an advantage when force is applied directly to the axle?
How does a wheel and axle system provide an advantage when force is applied directly to the axle?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary advantage of a pulley system?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary advantage of a pulley system?
Which of the following statements accurately describes how a pennate muscle structure enhances force production compared to a parallel muscle structure?
Which of the following statements accurately describes how a pennate muscle structure enhances force production compared to a parallel muscle structure?
How does the muscle fiber arrangement of a fusiform muscle influence its ability to produce force?
How does the muscle fiber arrangement of a fusiform muscle influence its ability to produce force?
What is the primary function of a lever system in the human body?
What is the primary function of a lever system in the human body?
Which type of muscle contraction is responsible for decelerating movement?
Which type of muscle contraction is responsible for decelerating movement?
In a pennate muscle, what is the relationship between the angle of pennation and the force generated?
In a pennate muscle, what is the relationship between the angle of pennation and the force generated?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a pennate muscle structure?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a pennate muscle structure?
Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best suited for high-force, short-duration activities?
Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best suited for high-force, short-duration activities?
What is the primary function of a unipennate muscle?
What is the primary function of a unipennate muscle?
How does the angle of pennation affect the speed of contraction?
How does the angle of pennation affect the speed of contraction?
What type of muscle contraction is primarily responsible for preventing excessive joint movement?
What type of muscle contraction is primarily responsible for preventing excessive joint movement?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the force-generating capacity of pennate muscles?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the force-generating capacity of pennate muscles?
What is the primary advantage of having a multipennate muscle structure?
What is the primary advantage of having a multipennate muscle structure?
Which of the following statements about pennate muscles is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about pennate muscles is FALSE?
Flashcards
Mechanical Advantage of Wheel
Mechanical Advantage of Wheel
The wheel has a mechanical advantage when its radius is greater than the axle's radius.
Muscle Action Consideration
Muscle Action Consideration
The main considerations for muscle action include joint movement, muscle crossing joints, and muscle location.
Active Tension in Muscle
Active Tension in Muscle
The length of the muscle during contraction affects the amount of active tension it can develop.
Naming Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles
Naming Characteristics of Skeletal Muscles
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Calculating Muscle Tension
Calculating Muscle Tension
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Concentric Contraction
Concentric Contraction
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Eccentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
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Isometric Contraction
Isometric Contraction
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Stretch Reflex
Stretch Reflex
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Reciprocal Inhibition
Reciprocal Inhibition
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Biarticular Muscle
Biarticular Muscle
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Muscle Fiber Recruitment
Muscle Fiber Recruitment
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Lever Class Types
Lever Class Types
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Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
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Force Arm & Resistance Arm
Force Arm & Resistance Arm
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Pulleys
Pulleys
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Wheels and Axles
Wheels and Axles
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Knee Flexion
Knee Flexion
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Motor Unit Activation
Motor Unit Activation
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Tension Development
Tension Development
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Fulcrum
Fulcrum
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Study Notes
Anatomical Directional Terms
- Superior: Situated above or higher than another part.
- Inferior: Situated below or lower than another part.
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
- Medial: Toward the midline of the body.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
- Distal: Farther from the point of attachment or origin.
- Anterior: Towards the front of the body.
- Posterior: Towards the back of the body.
- Prone: Lying face down.
- Supine: Lying face up.
Joint Classifications by Movement
- Synarthrodial: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull).
- Amphiarthrodial: Slightly movable joints (e.g., pubic symphysis)
- Diarthrodial: Freely movable joints (e.g., knee).
Synovial Joint Subsets
- The specific types of synovial joints are not listed here.
Diarthrodial Joint Features
- The specific structural features of diarthrodial joints are not listed here.
Other Anatomical and Functional Terms
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Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body
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Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body
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Flexion: Bending of a joint, reducing the angle between two bones.
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Extension: Straightening of a joint, increasing the angle between two bones.
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External Rotation: Rotation of a bone away from the midline of the body.
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Internal Rotation: Rotation of a bone towards the midline of the body.
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Muscle Fiber Arrangement: Parallel: Muscle fibers run parallel to each other and the long axis of the muscle.
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Muscle Fiber Arrangement: Pennate: Muscle fibers that are arranged obliquely to the tendon.
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Agonist: Muscle primarily responsible for a movement.
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Antagonist: Muscle that opposes the action of the agonist.
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Stabilizers: Muscles that provide stability during movement.
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Synergists: Muscles that assist the agonist to produce a more effective force.
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Neutralizers: Muscles that prevent unwanted movements of the stabilizers and synergists.
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Concentric Contraction: Muscle shortens while generating force; movement occurs.
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Eccentric Contraction: Muscle lengthens while generating force; control of movement; deceleration.
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Isometric Contraction: Muscle develops tension without changing length; no visible movement occurs.
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Stretchreflex: the reflex response resulting in muscle contraction when the muscle is stretched. Proprioceptors involved are muscle spindles.
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Reciprocal inhibition: the simultaneous relaxation of the antagonist muscle in response to contraction of the agonist muscle, promoting smooth movement
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Wolff's Law: Bone adapts to the stresses placed upon it.
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Davis's Law: Connective tissues adapt to the forces placed upon them.
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'Bony Process'- Condyle, Head, Foramen, Spine, Facet, Trochanter, Tubercle, Epicondyle, Sulcus, Line
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Bony Cavities/Depressions: Fossa
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Mechanical advantage: The ratio of the output force to the input force, in the lever system.
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