Lecture 3 - Innate Immune Response
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial surface mentioned as a barrier against infection in the text?

  • Gut epithelium
  • Kidney epithelium (correct)
  • Respiratory epithelium
  • Skin

    • What is the main function of antimicrobial peptides such as Defensins mentioned in the text?

  • Create a friendly environment for microorganisms
  • Destroy microorganisms (correct)
  • Provide protective substances
  • Maintain acidic pH

    • Which of the following is a function of saliva, hair, mucus, and tears as mentioned in the text?

  • Enhancing microbial growth
  • Creating a friendly environment for pathogens
  • Weakening the body's defense system
  • Providing innate immunity (correct)

    • Which type of microorganism is E.coli based on the information provided in the text?

    <p>Gram negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the first barrier against infection according to the text?

    <p><strong>Skin</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a pathogen do to cause an infection according to the text?

    <p><strong>Breach one of the barriers</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT emphasized as a protective measure provided by epithelial layers in the text?

    <p><strong>Hair</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the respiratory tract lining makes it susceptible to entry by airborne microorganisms?

    <p><strong>Epithelial layers</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do mucosal membranes play in preventing infections according to the text?

    <p><strong>Providing innate immunity</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular elements are responsible for mediating phagocytosis?

    <p>Neutrophils &amp; dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of opsonins in phagocytosis?

    <p>Enhance phagocytosis by binding to microbial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligands in phagocytosis?

    <p>Prompt membrane protrusions for pathogen internalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of granules in neutrophils aid in attacking microorganisms within phagolysosomes?

    <p>Primary granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of antimicrobial enzymes like lysozyme during phagocytosis?

    <p>Digest peptidoglycan of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pseudopodia during the process of phagocytosis?

    <p>Extend membrane protrusions for pathogen engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells contain cytoplasmic granules that aid in attacking microorganisms within phagolysosomes?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism employed by phagocytes to damage microbial membranes and intracellular components?

    <p>Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is highlighted as important for both innate and adaptive immunity processes?

    <p>Phagolysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signal do dead or dying cells express to be recognized and engulfed by phagocytes?

    <p>'Eat me' signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of protein CD47 in the context of phagocytosis?

    <p>Inhibit phagocytosis of healthy cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is known for producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap microorganisms?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CNS-resident microglia?

    <p>Establish proper neuronal connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neurological homeostasis & disease, what is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Toxic debris in brain lesion microenvironments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring fluorescence in macrophages in the experimental set-up described?

    <p>To determine the impact of different conditions on phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phagocytosis inhibitors result in higher pH and less fluorescence' - What can be inferred about the relationship between pH levels and phagocytosis?

    <p>'Lower pH enhances phagocytosis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Neutrophils are not tissue-resident and are always circulating' - How does this continuous circulation benefit immune responses?

    <p>Ensures immediate response to any infection at a distant site</p> Signup and view all the answers

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