30 Questions
What is a characteristic of epithelial cells that undergo Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)?
Loss of apical-basal polarity
What type of stem cell has the potential to differentiate into many closely related cell types?
Multipotent stem cell
What is the term for the process by which epithelial cells undergo a change in phenotype to become mesenchymal cells?
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
What is the role of transit amplifying cells in stem cell differentiation?
Rapidly dividing progeny of stem or progenitor cells
What is the term for the process by which stem cells differentiate into specialized cells with unique functions?
Stem cell differentiation
What is the primary function of cell-cell adhesions in epithelial cells?
To connect to the cytoskeleton
What is the technique used to track the lineage of stem cells and their progeny?
Lineage tracing
Which protein complex is responsible for maintaining apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells?
Crumbs complex
What is the characteristic of epithelial cells that allows them to slide past each other?
Dynamic adhesions
Which type of junction is responsible for cell-cell adhesion in epithelial cells?
Adherens junction
What is the function of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells?
To connect adhesion molecules
What is the consequence of losing apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells?
Tumorigenesis
What percentage of cancers arise from epithelial tissues?
80%
What is the main function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?
Separation of apical and lateral membranes
Where is the nucleus typically located in epithelial cells?
At the bottom of the cell
What is the role of the apical membrane in epithelial cells?
Absorption and secretion
What is the term for the process by which epithelial cells undergo a transition to a mesenchymal phenotype?
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
What is the term for the formation of a lumen in epithelial cells?
Lumen formation
What is the primary function of the myoepithelial layer in the mammary gland during pregnancy?
Contracting to squeeze milk down the milk ducts
What is the significance of labeling K14+ cells in the embryonic mammary gland?
To understand the origin of both basal and luminal cells in the adult gland
What is the result of injecting stem cells into the embryo mammary gland?
Formation of basal cells
What is the location of the majority of cancer cells in the mammary gland?
Luminal layer
What is the role of K8 in the mammary gland?
Marker for luminal cells
What is the function of K14 in the embryonic mammary gland?
Markers for basal cells
What role does aPKC play in membrane dynamics?
Phosphorylating other complexes to remove them from the plasma membrane
Which protein is essential for apical constriction during tissue folding to form a tube?
Scrib
What is the function of the Scrib complex in neural tube closure?
Promoting apical constriction and cell intercalation
What is the main function of the Par complex in membrane dynamics?
Recruiting proteins and pushing other complexes off the plasma membrane
Which protein is involved in splitting the membrane into apical and basal domains?
aPKC
How is neural tube closure disrupted in the 'Circletail' mouse model?
Through a mutation in the Scrib protein leading to impaired apical constriction
Explore the essential role of epithelial stem cells in tissue and organ formation, along with their differentiation patterns. Learn about squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, and simple epithelial cell growth patterns. Understand the significance of epithelial cells in cancer development.
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