ANAT RETAKE QUESIONS

Syringomyelia

• A true statement about syringomyelia is that it is characterized by a characteristic feature of having cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entering the central canal of the spinal cord.

Circle of Willis

• The posterior communicating artery is part of the Circle of Willis.

Balance and Posture

• The vestibular nucleus is responsible for balance.

Cerebral Cortex

• Projection fibers make up approximately 40% of the cerebral cortex.

Motor Pathways

• The corticospinal tract leaves Broadmann's area 4.

Spinal Nerves

• A false statement about spinal nerves is that they are not mixed nerves (containing both motor and sensory fibers).

Cerebellum

• The vermis joins the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.

Cerebrum and Body

• The cerebrum is connected to the body through the brainstem.

Brain and Spinal Cord

• The brainstem is the relay station for the brain and spinal cord.
• The thalamus is the relay station for the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex.

Motor and Sensory Pathways

• Motor pathways are present in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.
• Sensory pathways are present in the posterior horn of the spinal cord.

Voluntary Movements

• Voluntary movements are controlled by the pyramidal tracts.

Arteries

• The posterior choroidal artery originates from the posterior cerebral artery.
• The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery.
• The posterior choroidal artery is not a part of the Circle of Willis.
• The basilar artery supplies oxygen to the brain.

Veins

• The vein of Rosenthal is also known as the basal vein.
• The cerebral veins drain blood from the brain.

Brain Function

• The medulla oblongata is responsible for regulating breathing.
• The medulla oblongata and pons are responsible for heart rate and breathing.
• The ventral horn of the spinal cord is responsible for the movement of skeletal muscle.
• The thalamus is the relay station in the brain.

Midbrain Attachments

• The midbrain attachments are the cerebellar peduncles and the cerebral peduncles.

Cerebellum

• The paleocerebellum is responsible for voluntary movement.

Speech and Swallowing

• The brainstem helps in speaking and swallowing.

Grey Matter

• The reticular formation is composed of grey matter and extends over the entire brainstem.

Aneurysm

• The posterior inferior cerebellar artery usually ruptures during an aneurysm in the case of Syringomyelia.

Tracts

• The spinothalamic tract is primarily responsible for transmitting temperature and pain sensation.
• The spinoreticular tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature information to the reticular formation.
• The spinomesencephalic tract is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature information to the mesencephalon.

Brain Stem

• The brain stem is located at the base of the brain.

Basilar Artery

• The basilar artery is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries.

Archi Cerebellum

• The archi cerebellum is the oldest part of the cerebellum.

Spinal Cord

• Thoracic levels of the spinal cord are characterized by the presence of the lateral horn.

White Matter

• The white matter of the spinal cord is composed of myelinated fibers.

Nuclei

• The interposed nucleus is composed of the globose nucleus and the emboliform nucleus.

Sinus

• The straight sinus drains into the confluence of sinuses.

Arteries

• The radiculospinal artery, also known as the callosomarginal artery, is a branch of the anterior spinal artery.
• The dentate nucleus sends fibers to the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Meningeal Vessels

• The middle meningeal vessels run in the dura mater.

Artery of Adamkiewicz

• The artery of Adamkiewicz is a branch of the aorta that supplies the spinal cord.

Anterior Cerebral Artery

• The anterior cerebral artery supplies the medial part of the frontal lobe.

Spine

• The lower end of the spine is found at the levels of L1-L2.

Medulla Oblongata

• The medulla oblongata is supplied by the anterior spinal artery and the posterior spinal artery.

Structures

• The correct names of structures from A to D are: A. Anterior horn, B. Posterior horn, C. Lateral horn, D. Ventral horn.

Cerebellar Peduncles

• The superior medullary velum runs in the superior medullary obturator in addition to the cerebellar spinal cord.

Lateral Cord

• The corticospinal tract does not run in the lateral cord of the spinal cord.

Facial Mound

• The primary cause of the facial mound is the developing cerebellum.

Climbing Fibers

• Climbing fibers originate from the inferior olive.

Hubner's Recurrent Artery

• Hubner's recurrent artery is a branch of the anterior cerebral artery.

Callosomarginal Artery

• The callosomarginal artery originates from the anterior cerebral artery.

Fibers

• The names of the fibers coming from the cunaeate and gracilis nuclei are the cuneocerebellar and gracillocerebellar tracts.

Basilar Artery

• The posterior cerebral artery is a branch of the basilar artery.

Cerebellar Nucleus

• The fastigial nucleus is responsible for balance.

Cerebellar Shelf

• The cerebellar shelf corresponds to the petrous bone.

Phrenic Nucleus

• The phrenic nucleus is located in the cervical levels of the spinal cord.

Extrapyramidal Tracts

• Damage to the extrapyramidal tracts at the levels of the bridge will not result in interruption of the corticospinal tract.

Vascularization

• The anterior cerebral artery does not vascularize the occipital lobe.

Medulla Oblongata

• The cerebellum is mainly responsible for transmitting information from the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata.

Cerebellar Hemispheres

• The dentate nucleus and the interposed nucleus are part of the cerebellar hemispheres.

Vein of Galen

• The vein of Galen drains into the straight sinus.

Middle Cerebral Artery

• The terminal branches of the middle cerebral artery are the anterior and posterior temporal branches.

Thalamus

• The primary source of vascularization of the thalamus is the posterior cerebral artery.