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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a dog's vibrissae?
Which type of coat classification includes breeds like Cocker Spaniel and Poodle?
What type of muscle is responsible for the erection of hairs in response to cold, fear, or anger in animals?
Which of the following statements about Guard hairs is correct?
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Which type of sweat gland in dogs secretes sweat directly onto the skin surface?
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What role do the glands in canine skin serve?
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What is the purpose of the Cutaneous Trunci muscle?
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What type of hair classification would a Boxer belong to?
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Where are apocrine sweat glands primarily located?
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What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
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What do vibrissae primarily help a dog to do?
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Which glands secrete cerumen?
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What role do the Bartholin glands play in the female reproductive system?
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Where are the glands of the anal sac located?
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What is the primary purpose of the supracaudal gland?
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What is the main function of claws in animals?
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What is the primary function of the dermis?
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Which layer of the epidermis is known as the 'horny layer'?
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Which skin pigment is primarily responsible for the brown color in skin?
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What type of connective tissue makes up the hypodermis?
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Which layer of the skin is continuous with mucous membranes?
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Which layer of the epidermis contains granules and is referred to as the granular layer?
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Which structure in the skin is primarily responsible for warmth?
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What type of cells are primarily involved in the skin's immune response?
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What is the thickest area of skin typically found in dogs?
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Which part of the hair is embedded in the skin?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Strong and flexible connective tissue provides a protective covering for the body, known as "hide."
- Composed of diverse cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells (WBCs).
- Contains collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, ensuring durability and elasticity.
Skin (Cutis)
- One of the largest organs, comprising about 16% of body weight.
- Continuous with mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts.
- Thickness varies: thickest in the neck region, thinner over the sternum, and thinnest on the ventral abdomen.
Skin Functions
- Protects against microorganisms and chemicals.
- Acts as a sensory organ and site for Vitamin D synthesis.
- Regulates temperature and prevents dehydration.
Layers of the Skin
- Comprised of three main layers: Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis.
Epidermis
- Most superficial layer, composed of non-vascular stratified squamous epithelium.
- Contains five layers including:
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Lucidum (absent in nasal skin)
- Stratum Corneum
Dermis
- Rich in vessels, nerves, and glands, providing strength and flexibility.
Hypodermis
- Contains fatty tissue, anchoring the skin while storing fat.
- Known as "subcutaneous tissue," plays a role in insulation.
Skin Coloration
- Determined by three pigments:
- Melanin: primary determinant.
- Carotene: from orange and yellow vegetables.
- Hemoglobin: gives a pink hue to lighter skin.
Skin Appendages
- Includes hair, hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.
Hair Structure and Function
- Comprises three concentric layers: Medulla, Cortex, and Cuticle, made of hard keratin.
- Functions include warmth, touch sensitivity, and protection.
Hair Classifications in Dogs
- Normal Coat: e.g., German Shepherd, Wolf.
- Short Hair: e.g., Boxer.
- Long Hair: e.g., Cocker Spaniel, Poodle.
- Diverse types based on characteristics like straight, bristle, or wavy.
Erector Pili Muscle
- Responsible for hair erection in response to cold or fear, known as piloerection.
Glands of Canine Skin
-
Sweat Glands:
- Eccrine: Secretes sweat directly onto skin surface.
- Apocrine: Secretes fluid into hair follicles, found in regions like armpits.
-
Sebaceous Glands:
- Secretes oil that moisturizes and protects skin.
Vibrissae (Whiskers)
- Enlarged tactile hairs that aid in measuring distance in dim light and sensing air currents.
Glands Related to Reproduction and Scent
- Bartholin Glands: Secrete mucus; most active during estrus.
- Glands of Anal Sac: Contribute to foul-smelling viscous liquids.
- Supracaudal Gland: Involved in scent marking and communication.
Claws and Digital Pads
- Claws provide traction, defense, and help in catching prey.
- Digital pads assist in locomotion and grip, essential for movement.
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Description
This quiz covers the third lecture of Anat 121 focusing on the integumentary system. It discusses the structure and function of the dermis, including the absence of certain skin layers like stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum. Explore the characteristics and cellular composition of the skin.
