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Questions and Answers
What does 'anaplasia' refer to?
What are antibiotics?
Chemotherapeutic drugs found in bacteria and fungi that inhibit cell division by causing breaks in DNA strands.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death.
What is a benign tumor?
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What is brachytherapy?
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What are carcinogens?
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What is carcinoma?
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What is chemotherapy?
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What is genetic screening?
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What is immunotherapy?
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What does 'invasive' mean in a medical context?
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What is a malignant tumor?
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What is metastasis?
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What is modality in medical treatment?
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What is a mutation?
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What is a neoplasm?
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What is radiation?
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What is a radiosensitive tumor?
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What is radiotherapy?
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What does 'relapse' mean in cancer treatment?
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What is remission?
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What is a sarcoma?
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What is staging of tumors?
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What is stereotactic radiosurgery?
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What is a virus?
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Study Notes
Anaplasia and Tumors
- Anaplasia: Characterized by the loss of differentiation in cells, reverting to a primitive state, often associated with malignant growths.
- Benign Tumor: A noncancerous neoplasm that typically does not invade surrounding tissues.
- Malignant Tumor: Exhibits continuous growth, invasive characteristics, and the potential for metastasis.
- Neoplasm: Refers to any new growth, which can be benign or malignant.
Cancer Terminology
- Carcinogens: Agents that can cause cancer, including certain chemicals, drugs, radiation, and viruses.
- Carcinoma: Malignant tumors that arise from epithelial cells.
- Sarcoma: Cancerous tumors originating from connective or fleshy tissue.
- Metastasis: The process of cancer spreading from the primary site to secondary locations in the body.
Treatment Modalities
- Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to treat cancer, effectively targeting rapidly dividing cells.
- Radiotherapy: The use of radiation to treat tumors, aiming to kill cancerous cells.
- Brachytherapy: Involves inserting radioactive materials directly into or near tumors.
- Radiosurgery: Delivers precise radiation doses to eliminate small tumors or vascular abnormalities.
- Immunotherapy: Leverages the body's immune system to attack and destroy tumor cells.
Cellular Processes
- Apoptosis: A normal physiological process of programmed cell death; many cancer cells evade this mechanism.
- Mutation: Refers to alterations in the DNA of cells, which may arise from environmental factors or occur spontaneously.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
- Genetic Screening: Tests conducted on patients to identify inherited cancer-causing genes.
- Staging of Tumors: Processes for assessing the extent of cancer spread, commonly using the TNM system.
- Relapse: The recurrence of cancer after treatment has been completed.
- Remission: A state where symptoms of disease diminish or disappear, either partially or completely.
Additional Concepts
- Invasive: Describes tumors that can penetrate and damage surrounding tissues.
- Radiosensitive Tumor: Tumors that are particularly susceptible to radiation treatment, causing little harm to adjacent healthy tissue.
- Modality: Refers to the specific method of treatment applied, e.g., chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to cell biology with this quiz. Focus on important terms like anaplasia, antibiotics, and apoptosis. Enhance your understanding of cell differentiation and processes that affect cell life.