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What is the main function of the primary lymphoid organs?
What is the main function of the primary lymphoid organs?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for antigen presentation in the lymphoid tissue?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for antigen presentation in the lymphoid tissue?
Where are the Peyer's patches located in the body?
Where are the Peyer's patches located in the body?
What is the main function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid tissue?
What is the main function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid tissue?
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Which structure is responsible for separating the red pulp from the white pulp in the spleen?
Which structure is responsible for separating the red pulp from the white pulp in the spleen?
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What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
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Which type of cells line the splenic sinuses in the red pulp?
Which type of cells line the splenic sinuses in the red pulp?
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Which vessels deliver lymph to the lymph node?
Which vessels deliver lymph to the lymph node?
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What is the function of the splenic pulp's red pulp?
What is the function of the splenic pulp's red pulp?
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What do trabeculae do in the spleen structure?
What do trabeculae do in the spleen structure?
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What happens to the central artery when lymphocytes aggregate around it?
What happens to the central artery when lymphocytes aggregate around it?
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What is the role of macrophages in the spleen's red pulp?
What is the role of macrophages in the spleen's red pulp?
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What is the function of the white pulp in the spleen?
What is the function of the white pulp in the spleen?
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What do the splenic cords of Billroth contain?
What do the splenic cords of Billroth contain?
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Which type of circulation does the splenic artery support?
Which type of circulation does the splenic artery support?
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What is the role of stave cells in the spleen's red pulp?
What is the role of stave cells in the spleen's red pulp?
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What do penicillar arterioles give rise to?
What do penicillar arterioles give rise to?
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What is the purpose of the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the spleen's white pulp?
What is the purpose of the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the spleen's white pulp?
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Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
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Which tissue is NOT included in the secondary (peripheral) lymphatic tissue?
Which tissue is NOT included in the secondary (peripheral) lymphatic tissue?
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What is the site for T lymphocytes maturation?
What is the site for T lymphocytes maturation?
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What type of cells are called Thymus Epithelial Cells (TEC) in immunology textbooks?
What type of cells are called Thymus Epithelial Cells (TEC) in immunology textbooks?
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Which type of epithelioreticular cells are antigen-presenting cells in the thymus?
Which type of epithelioreticular cells are antigen-presenting cells in the thymus?
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In the thymic medulla, what type of cells form Hassall’s corpuscles?
In the thymic medulla, what type of cells form Hassall’s corpuscles?
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What happens to the thymus after birth?
What happens to the thymus after birth?
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What does the blood-thymus barrier protect against?
What does the blood-thymus barrier protect against?
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What type of selection occurs in the cortex of the thymus?
What type of selection occurs in the cortex of the thymus?
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What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
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What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
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What percentage of entering lymphocytes emerge as mature T-cells after thymic education?
What percentage of entering lymphocytes emerge as mature T-cells after thymic education?
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Which cells fail to develop in the given scenario?
Which cells fail to develop in the given scenario?
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Where are diffuse lymphatic tissues found?
Where are diffuse lymphatic tissues found?
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Which structure contains crypts and may undergo metaplasia due to severe repeated coughing?
Which structure contains crypts and may undergo metaplasia due to severe repeated coughing?
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What is the function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes?
What is the function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes?
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Where are M cells found in the body?
Where are M cells found in the body?
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What is the main function of lymphatic nodules/follicles?
What is the main function of lymphatic nodules/follicles?
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Which structure is a blind pouch connected to the cecum of the large intestine?
Which structure is a blind pouch connected to the cecum of the large intestine?
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What type of cells arrive from the blood to diffuse lymphatic tissue?
What type of cells arrive from the blood to diffuse lymphatic tissue?
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Which type of nodule develops a lightly stained germinal center?
Which type of nodule develops a lightly stained germinal center?
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Where are unencapsulated secondary lymphoid tissues/organs found?
Where are unencapsulated secondary lymphoid tissues/organs found?
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What is the exact function of the appendix?
What is the exact function of the appendix?
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What is the role of medullary sinuses in a lymph node?
What is the role of medullary sinuses in a lymph node?
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What is the main function of Hassall's corpuscles in the thymic medulla?
What is the main function of Hassall's corpuscles in the thymic medulla?
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Which structure separates the red pulp from the white pulp in the spleen?
Which structure separates the red pulp from the white pulp in the spleen?
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Where are M cells primarily found in the body?
Where are M cells primarily found in the body?
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What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
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What is the role of periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS) in the spleen's white pulp?
What is the role of periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS) in the spleen's white pulp?
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What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the body?
What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the body?
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Where do B lymphocytes mature?
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
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Which structure serves as a framework for T cell development?
Which structure serves as a framework for T cell development?
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What is the main function of the spleen's red pulp?
What is the main function of the spleen's red pulp?
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What is the role of the blood-thymus barrier?
What is the role of the blood-thymus barrier?
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What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
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What type of cells are primarily responsible for antigen presentation in the lymphoid tissue?
What type of cells are primarily responsible for antigen presentation in the lymphoid tissue?
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Where are diffuse lymphatic tissues found?
Where are diffuse lymphatic tissues found?
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What is the function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes?
What is the function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes?
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What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
What clinical condition is characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland?
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What is the exact function of the appendix?
What is the exact function of the appendix?
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What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
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Which type of nodule develops a lightly stained germinal center?
Which type of nodule develops a lightly stained germinal center?
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Which of the following is a common feature observed in patients with the absence or underdevelopment of thymic epithelial cells?
Which of the following is a common feature observed in patients with the absence or underdevelopment of thymic epithelial cells?
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Where are M cells primarily found in the body?
Where are M cells primarily found in the body?
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What is the function of the appendix in the human body?
What is the function of the appendix in the human body?
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Which structure is NOT considered part of the secondary lymphatic tissue/organs?
Which structure is NOT considered part of the secondary lymphatic tissue/organs?
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What type of cells arrive from the blood to diffuse lymphatic tissue in the lamina propria?
What type of cells arrive from the blood to diffuse lymphatic tissue in the lamina propria?
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Where are Peyer’s patches primarily located in the body?
Where are Peyer’s patches primarily located in the body?
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What is the main function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid tissue?
What is the main function of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid tissue?
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What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
What happens to non-responsive lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus?
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Where do B lymphocytes primarily mature?
Where do B lymphocytes primarily mature?
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What happens to the central artery when lymphocytes aggregate around it?
What happens to the central artery when lymphocytes aggregate around it?
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What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
What type of selection occurs in the medulla of the thymus?
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What is the role of stave cells in the spleen's red pulp?
What is the role of stave cells in the spleen's red pulp?
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Which structure facilitates immune responses in the spleen?
Which structure facilitates immune responses in the spleen?
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What type of cells are primarily involved in the destruction of senescent red blood cells in the spleen's red pulp?
What type of cells are primarily involved in the destruction of senescent red blood cells in the spleen's red pulp?
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Which cell type aggregates around the central artery in the splenic pulp of the spleen?
Which cell type aggregates around the central artery in the splenic pulp of the spleen?
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In the closed circulation model of blood circulation in the spleen, where do sheathed capillaries open directly?
In the closed circulation model of blood circulation in the spleen, where do sheathed capillaries open directly?
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What is the main function of the splenic sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen?
What is the main function of the splenic sinuses in the red pulp of the spleen?
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Which type of circulation model is supported by experimental and morphologic evidences for blood circulation in the spleen?
Which type of circulation model is supported by experimental and morphologic evidences for blood circulation in the spleen?
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Which structure extends from the capsule and brings blood and nerves to the spleen?
Which structure extends from the capsule and brings blood and nerves to the spleen?
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What primarily constitutes the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the splenic pulp?
What primarily constitutes the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the splenic pulp?
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Which vessels deliver lymph to a lymph node before it sequentially moves through various sinuses?
Which vessels deliver lymph to a lymph node before it sequentially moves through various sinuses?
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"Stave cells" are primarily responsible for allowing which type of cells in the splenic cords to enter the sinuses?
"Stave cells" are primarily responsible for allowing which type of cells in the splenic cords to enter the sinuses?
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Which type of nodule may associate with periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the splenic pulp?
Which type of nodule may associate with periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) in the splenic pulp?
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Study Notes
- The text discusses the histology of lymphoid tissue, with a focus on recognizing various structures and cell types in primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
- Primary lymphoid tissue includes bone marrow, thymus, and sites where lymphocytes mature.
- Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ where T lymphocytes mature. It contains epithelial reticular cells (erc), which form a cytoplasmic reticulum and serve as a framework for T cell development.
- Young thymus has structural features, including a capsule, trabeculae, and the presence of Hassall's corpuscles.
- Thymus involutes after birth, and the blood-thymus barrier protects against lymph-borne antigens.
- In the thymus, T cell education occurs through positive and negative selection. Positive selection occurs in the cortex, where responsive cells are selected and move to the medulla. Negative selection occurs in the medulla, where self-reactive cells are deleted.
- Secondary lymphoid tissues or organs are the sites where immunocompetent cells interact with antigens and become activated. These include lymphatic nodules, tonsils, and the spleen.
- Lymphatic nodules, or tonsils, are uncapsulated and found in the lamina propria. They contain a diffuse concentration of immune cells, with no germinal center.
- Lymph nodes are capsulated structures and contain a germinal center, which is a sign of an active immune response.
- The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ that filters the blood and removes old and damaged blood cells. It contains red and white pulp.
- DiGeorge Syndrome is an inherited immunodeficiency caused by the deletion of genes on chromosome 22. It results in the failure of epithelioreticular cells to develop, leading to a lack of T cell precursors and the underdevelopment of the thymus and parathyroid glands.
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Description
Test your knowledge on thymic aplasia and DiGeorge syndrome which result in the failure of development of thymic epithelial cells and subsequent inability of T cell precursor differentiation. Learn about the associated symptoms and implications for secondary lymphatic tissues/organs.
