Anaphylaxis Treatment and Antihistamines Quiz

False (B)

Difficulty breathing and swelling

<p>histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine = Increases blood pressure Antihistamines = Block histamine action IV Fluids = Increase blood volume Corticosteroids = Reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They block muscarinic receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing the release of histamine from mast cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedation = Affects cognitive function and alertness Anticholinergic effects = Inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system Non-selective receptor binding = Interacts with various receptors including muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimenhydrinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zolpidem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sedating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zolpidem = Hypnotic Lorazepam = Sedative Buspirone = Anxiolytic Morphine = Narcotic Analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater anticholinergic effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blurred vision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol and benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>QT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diphenhydramine = Caution in driving Cetirizine = Less sedating but may cause drowsiness Loratadine = Dose adjustments for liver impairment Fexofenadine = Monitor for QT interval issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To block the effects of histamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2 receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raised, itchy welts or hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antihistamine = Medication that blocks histamine effects Urticaria = Skin condition with raised welts Rhinitis = Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes Anaphylaxis = Severe allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication that blocks histamine effects, reducing allergy symptoms like itching and swelling.

An immune system reaction to a harmless substance.

A substance that triggers an allergic reaction.

Skin condition with raised, itchy welts (hives), often due to allergies.

Inflammation of nasal membranes, causing runny/stuffy nose, sneezing, and itching.

A receptor that histamine binds to, triggering allergy symptoms.

A receptor in the stomach that controls acid production.

Severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis; it causes vasoconstriction, reverses histamine effects, and raises blood pressure.

A dangerously low blood pressure caused by the inflammatory mediators released during anaphylaxis.

Medicines blocking histamine, reducing symptoms. They're supportive, not the primary treatment for hypotension.

Used to increase blood volume and blood pressure in cases of severe hypotension to help stabilize the patient.

Older antihistamines that often cause drowsiness and/or dry mouth.

Drowsiness or sleepiness caused by antihistamines.

Dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention caused by some medications, potentially linked to antihistamines.

Combining antihistamines with certain other drugs can significantly increase drowsiness or sedation risks.

Sleep-inducing drugs.

Drugs that have a calming or sleep-inducing effect, often leading to reduced alertness and drowsiness.

Newer antihistamines offering reduced side effects, including sedation, compared to first-generation medications.

A protective barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and central nervous system, influencing drug absorption.

First-generation antihistamines can block muscarinic receptors, affecting parasympathetic nervous system functions mediated by acetylcholine.

First-generation antihistamines bind to various receptors, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in addition to H1 receptors.

These receptors are targeted by acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that controls bodily functions like digestion and relaxation.

Neurotransmitter primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system to transmit signals.

Cromolyn sodium prevents the release of histamine from mast cells, thus avoiding an allergic response. It doesn't block histamine receptors or affect muscle tone, so it must be given before histamine release.

Antihistamines block histamine by binding to histamine receptors, preventing histamine from triggering its usual allergic responses.

H1 receptors, found in blood vessels, bronchioles, intestines, and skin capillaries, are responsible for the allergic responses caused by histamine.

Besides blocking histamine, antihistamines can also have local anesthetic, anticholinergic, and sedative effects, relieving symptoms like vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea.

Antihistamines are commonly found in over-the-counter products like cold medications and sleep aids, due to their ability to relieve common cold symptoms and induce sedation.

First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine can cause drowsiness and sedation, making them potentially unsafe for driving or operating machinery.

Some antihistamines can block the action of acetylcholine, leading to dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and confusion, especially in older adults.

Older adults are more sensitive to antihistamines and may experience more side effects, such as confusion and dizziness. Lower doses or second-generation antihistamines might be more suitable.

Fexofenadine, a second-generation antihistamine, is associated with a risk of QT interval prolongation, which affects heart rhythm. Use caution in patients with pre-existing heart conditions.