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What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
Antihistamines are effective in treating hypotension during anaphylaxis.
Antihistamines are effective in treating hypotension during anaphylaxis.
False
Name two symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Name two symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Difficulty breathing and swelling
During anaphylaxis, a massive release of __________ occurs.
During anaphylaxis, a massive release of __________ occurs.
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Match the following treatments with their primary function:
Match the following treatments with their primary function:
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What is a primary reason that 1st generation antihistamines have anticholinergic properties?
What is a primary reason that 1st generation antihistamines have anticholinergic properties?
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1st generation antihistamines are known for being selective in their action on H1 receptors only.
1st generation antihistamines are known for being selective in their action on H1 receptors only.
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What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily use?
What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily use?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium?
What is the primary mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium?
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1st generation antihistamines share a chemical structure similar to __________ and other anticholinergic agents.
1st generation antihistamines share a chemical structure similar to __________ and other anticholinergic agents.
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Antihistaminics can produce sedation and relieve motion sickness.
Antihistaminics can produce sedation and relieve motion sickness.
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Match the following effects of 1st generation antihistamines with their descriptions:
Match the following effects of 1st generation antihistamines with their descriptions:
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Name one antihistaminic drug that can relieve vertigo and motion sickness.
Name one antihistaminic drug that can relieve vertigo and motion sickness.
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The two types of known histamine receptors involved in allergic reactions are H1 and ____.
The two types of known histamine receptors involved in allergic reactions are H1 and ____.
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Which of the following substances can significantly increase the sedation caused by older generation antihistamines?
Which of the following substances can significantly increase the sedation caused by older generation antihistamines?
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First-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause sedation than second-generation antihistamines.
First-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause sedation than second-generation antihistamines.
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Name one characteristic effect of first-generation antihistamines on the central nervous system.
Name one characteristic effect of first-generation antihistamines on the central nervous system.
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First-generation antihistamines have a prominent __________ effect.
First-generation antihistamines have a prominent __________ effect.
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Match the following substances with their categories:
Match the following substances with their categories:
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of second-generation antihistamines?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of second-generation antihistamines?
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Diphenhydramine is a second-generation antihistamine.
Diphenhydramine is a second-generation antihistamine.
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What is one reason why second-generation antihistamines may improve patient adherence?
What is one reason why second-generation antihistamines may improve patient adherence?
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What is one of the common anticholinergic effects of antihistamines?
What is one of the common anticholinergic effects of antihistamines?
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Older adults are typically less sensitive to the side effects of antihistamines than younger individuals.
Older adults are typically less sensitive to the side effects of antihistamines than younger individuals.
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Which two medications should be approached with caution due to the risk of sedation when used simultaneously?
Which two medications should be approached with caution due to the risk of sedation when used simultaneously?
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Fexofenadine has been associated with a risk of __________ interval prolongation.
Fexofenadine has been associated with a risk of __________ interval prolongation.
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Match the antihistamines with their recommendations regarding use:
Match the antihistamines with their recommendations regarding use:
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What is the primary function of antihistamines?
What is the primary function of antihistamines?
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Urticaria is commonly known as hives.
Urticaria is commonly known as hives.
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What are two types of rhinitis?
What are two types of rhinitis?
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening __________ reaction.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening __________ reaction.
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Which receptor is responsible for controlling stomach acid production?
Which receptor is responsible for controlling stomach acid production?
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Only allergic reactions can trigger rhinitis.
Only allergic reactions can trigger rhinitis.
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What are the symptoms of urticaria?
What are the symptoms of urticaria?
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Match the following allergy terms with their descriptions:
Match the following allergy terms with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Allergies, Antihistamines, and Antiallergics
- Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a harmless substance, an allergen.
- Allergens include pollen, dust mites, animal dander, foods, and insect stings.
- Antihistamines block the effects of histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions.
- Histamine causes itching, swelling, and redness by dilating blood vessels.
- Antihistamines work by preventing histamine from binding to its receptors (H1 receptors).
- H2 receptors are in the stomach and are also important targets for some antihistamines (H2 receptor blockers).
- H1 receptors also exist in the bronchioles, and some antihistamines are good targets to help treat allergic bronchoconstriction.
- Urticaria (hives) is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts.
- Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs immediate medical attention.
- Antihistamines have varying degrees of sedative effects, especially first-generation antihistamines.
- Antihistamines can interact with other medications, such as hypnotics, sedatives, anxiolytics, or alcohol, potentially intensifying sedative effects.
- Antihistamines are used in various conditions like allergic reactions, dry nasal secretions, nausea, common cold symptoms, and as sleep aids.
- Cromolyn sodium is an antiallergic medication that inhibits the release of histamine.
- Cromolyn is a preventive treatment and should be used before symptoms arise.
- Antiallergic medications often target mast cells, a type of immune cell responsible for releasing histamine.
Types of Antihistamines
- Antihistamines are classified into first-generation and second-generation based on their actions and side effects.
- First-generation antihistamines often cause drowsiness due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
- Second-generation antihistamines usually have less drowsiness and fewer sedative side effects, primarily block H1 receptors peripherally.
- First-generation antihistamines include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine, doxylamine (Unisom), promethazine (Phenergan).
- Second-generation antihistamines include loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra).
- Some specific antihistamines are available as over-the-counter products (OTC). Others might be RX only.
- Some 1st-gen antihistamines can be used for sleep aids (OTC).
Other Allergy-Related Terms
- Allergen: A substance causing an allergic reaction, often a protein.
- Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response (often a foreign protein).
- Antibody: Proteins produced by the immune system in response to an antigen, binding to and neutralizing antigens.
- Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal lining, often caused by allergens.
- Erythema: Reddening of the skin due to increased blood flow (often related to hypersensitivity/inflammation).
- Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin (often associated with an allergic reaction or irritation).
Important Actions of Histamine
- Vasodilation of capillaries (leads to redness and inflammation)
- Contraction of smooth muscles.
- Increased heart rate.
Different Clinical Situations and Considerations
- Different antihistamine use for different medical scenarios and conditions.
- How to correctly use the Cromolyn inhaler
- Understanding antihistamine properties in relation to various medical scenarios and factors.
- Understand that antihistamines act upon the nervous system through various receptor sites.
- Recognize the different side effects, especially drowsiness, with use of some antihistamines.
Drug Interactions
- Antihistamines can interact with other drugs, potentially increasing drowsiness or other side effects.
Adverse Effects and Contraindications of Antihistamines
- First-generation antihistamines can have more side effects that can include drowsiness, dry mouth, hypotension (low blood pressure), rapid heartbeat, anorexia, and urinary retention.
- First generation (1st) antihistamines can have more adverse effects overall and should be carefully considered given their greater potential for sedation.
- Second-generation antihistamines have a lower potential for side effects.
Other Information
- Some antihistamines are also used for conditions other than allergies and can have diverse pharmacological activities relevant in various clinical settings.
- The role of H1 and H2 receptors is crucial in understanding their different actions.
- The study suggests the correct administration of Gastrocrom medication.
- There are important considerations for the safety and effective use of antihistamines during pregnancy .
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Description
Assess your knowledge on the first-line treatments for anaphylaxis and the role of antihistamines. This quiz covers symptoms, mechanisms of action, and the effects of different antihistaminic drugs. Test your understanding of both histamine receptors and their clinical applications.
