Analytical Chemistry Fundamentals

Course Information

• Course Title: Analytical Chemistry
• Instructor: Mr. Jerome R. Delos Santos
• Date: January 22, 2025
• Time: 8:00 PM - 5:00 PM
• Location: Valenzuela College of Education - Science Department

Objectives

• Understand fundamental concepts of analytical chemistry
• Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative analysis
• Understand the role and importance of analytical chemistry in various aspects of life
• Exhibit familiarity with common lab apparatuses and equipment
• Identify instruments and glassware for accurate readings

Analytical Chemistry Definition

• Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry focusing on separating, identifying, and quantifying chemical components in a sample.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Analysis

• Qualitative Analysis: Identifies what substances are present in a sample.
• Quantitative Analysis: Determines how much of a substance is present in a sample.

Analyte Definition

• An analyte is a substance or chemical constituent of interest in an analytical procedure. It's the subject of chemical analysis.

Classification of Analysis - Extent of Analysis

• Complete/Exact Analysis: Determines the quantitatively amount of each constituent
• Example: Blood analysis
• Ultimate Analysis: Determines the amount of each element
• Example: Gasoline
• Proximate/Partial Analysis: Determines a certain amount of a selected constituent in a sample.
• Example: Aspirin - percentage of salicylic acid

Classification of Analysis - Size of Sample

• Macro Analysis: Samples >100 mg
• Semimicro Analysis: Samples 10-100 mg
• Micro Analysis: Samples 1-10 mg
• Ultramicro Analysis: Samples <1 mg

Classification of Analysis - Amount of Analyte

• Major Constituent: >1%
• Minor Constituent: 0.01-1%
• Trace Constituent: 0.001-0.01%
• Ultratrace Constituent: <0.001%

Classification of Analysis - Method of Analysis

• Classical Analysis:

• Gravimetric: Involves determining the mass of a substance, typically through forming a precipitate with the analyte, filtering, drying, and weighing.

• Example: Monitoring lead levels in drinking water

• Volumetric: Involves measuring the volume of a reagent required to react completely with the analyte.

• Example: Acid-base titration to determine the concentration of an acid or base

• Instrumental Analysis:

• Electroanalytical: Measures current or voltage associated with chemical reactions at electrodes.

• Spectroscopic: Measures the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

• Chromatographic: Separates, identifies, and quantifies components of a mixture based on differences in their distribution between two phases.

Laboratory Glassware (examples)

• Volumetric flask
• Beaker
• Erlenmeyer flask
• Test tube
• Test tube with stopper
• Watch glass
• Graduated cylinder
• Pipette
• Burette
• Graduated pipettes
• Dropper bottles

Group Activity 1

• Task: Explain how analytical chemistry is applied in your specific field.

This quiz covers the essential concepts of analytical chemistry, emphasizing the differences between qualitative and quantitative analysis. It also explores the importance of analytical chemistry in everyday life and familiarizes students with common laboratory equipment. Test your understanding of key terms and definitions in this critical field of science.