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Questions and Answers
What type of signal responds to the absolute amount of analyte in total analysis technique?
What type of signal responds to the absolute amount of analyte in total analysis technique?
What is the purpose of replicate measurements in analytical methodology?
What is the purpose of replicate measurements in analytical methodology?
What is the term used to describe the middle result when replicate data are arranged in order?
What is the term used to describe the middle result when replicate data are arranged in order?
What is the term used to describe a technique in which the signal is proportional to the analyte's concentration?
What is the term used to describe a technique in which the signal is proportional to the analyte's concentration?
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What is the term used to describe the process of measuring the concentration of analyte in several aliquots?
What is the term used to describe the process of measuring the concentration of analyte in several aliquots?
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What is the purpose of taking multiple measurements of the same sample?
What is the purpose of taking multiple measurements of the same sample?
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What is the term used to describe the average value of a set of replicate measurements?
What is the term used to describe the average value of a set of replicate measurements?
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What type of error can be guarded against by taking replicate measurements?
What type of error can be guarded against by taking replicate measurements?
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What is the title of the lecture presentations?
What is the title of the lecture presentations?
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Who is one of the authors whose work was adapted for the lecture presentations?
Who is one of the authors whose work was adapted for the lecture presentations?
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What statistical measure is not mentioned in the content?
What statistical measure is not mentioned in the content?
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On which page can you find the trial question?
On which page can you find the trial question?
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What is the sequence of the page numbers in the content?
What is the sequence of the page numbers in the content?
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What is the last page number mentioned in the content?
What is the last page number mentioned in the content?
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What is precision in data handling and statistics?
What is precision in data handling and statistics?
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What is accuracy in data handling and statistics?
What is accuracy in data handling and statistics?
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What are the three terms used to describe the precision of a set of replica data?
What are the three terms used to describe the precision of a set of replica data?
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What type of error occurs due to faulty equipment or instruments?
What type of error occurs due to faulty equipment or instruments?
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What is a normal distribution of a set of data?
What is a normal distribution of a set of data?
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What is a sample in data handling and statistics?
What is a sample in data handling and statistics?
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What is the purpose of statistical treatment of random error?
What is the purpose of statistical treatment of random error?
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What is the coefficient of variation?
What is the coefficient of variation?
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What is variance in data handling and statistics?
What is variance in data handling and statistics?
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What is the relationship between precision and accuracy?
What is the relationship between precision and accuracy?
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Study Notes
Data Handling and Statistical Analysis
- Errors in analytical methodology can occur in two ways: Total Analysis (Classical analysis/wet chemical analysis) and Concentration techniques (Instrumental technique or analysis)
- Measurements are taken in several aliquots (portions/parts) to assess variability (uncertainty) and guard against gross errors
- Replicate measurements are taken to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis
Important Terms
- Replicates: repeated measurements
- Mean (x̅): the average value of a set of data
- Median: the middle value of a set of data when arranged in order
Precision and Accuracy
- Precision: the reproducibility of measurements, closeness of results obtained in the same way
- Accuracy: the closeness of a measurement to its true value
- Standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variation are used to describe precision
Types of Error in Experimental Data
- Systematic/Determinate Error: instrumental, method, and personal errors
- Gross Error: a single mistake that affects the result
- Random/Indeterminate Error: uncertainty that cannot be eliminated
Statistical Treatment of Random Error
- Samples and Population: a subset of data from a larger group
- Normal Distribution/Gaussian Curve: a bell-shaped curve that represents the frequency distribution of a set of data
Properties of the Gaussian Curve
- Symmetrical about the mean
- The mean, median, and mode are equal
- The curve is asymptotic to the x-axis
- The area under the curve is equal to 1
Variance and Other Measurements
- Variance: the average of the squared differences from the mean
- Standard deviation: the square root of the variance
- Coefficient of variation: the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean
- Range or spread: the difference between the highest and lowest values
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Description
This quiz covers data handling and statistical analysis in analytical chemistry, including error and measurement techniques. It is part of the University of Mines and Technology's CH & RP 174 course.
