Chapter 7 - Drugs to Treat Pain: Nonopioid Analgesics

What is the most common trade name for Acetaminophen in the United States?

Which drug is NOT a topical counterirritant?

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic effect of Acetaminophen?

What is the most common use for Acetaminophen in the United States?

What is the primary reason Acetaminophen became popular in the United States in the early 1980s?

What is the international generic name for Acetaminophen?

Based on the information provided, which of these conditions would Acetaminophen NOT be effective in treating?

Which statement accurately summarizes the text's explanation of Acetaminophen's anti-inflammatory activity?

What is the primary concern regarding the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy?

Which of the following statements regarding the use of local anesthetics is NOT true?

What is a key characteristic of the absorption of local anesthetics once they cross the epidermis?

Which of the following is a method to reduce the risk of cocaine toxicity in anesthesia procedures?

Which of the following describes the sensation order during treatment with local anesthetics?

In the context of asthma, what percentage of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics report sensitivity to acetaminophen?

What is the typical presentation of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Which local anesthetic is commonly used in the sports medicine setting historically alongside cocaine?

What is the primary downside of acetaminophen regarding inflammation in arthritis treatment?

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the pain-relieving effects of acetaminophen?

What is the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen for adults?

Which factor may increase the risk of hepatotoxicity when taking acetaminophen?

What is one of the primary concerns associated with acetaminophen misuse?

What additional substance may enhance the analgesic effects of acetaminophen when combined?

In which form is acetaminophen primarily administered in a sports medicine setting?

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of acetaminophen overdose?

What is the half-life of acetaminophen?

What should athletes be cautious about when overlapping medications containing acetaminophen?

Which acetaminophen product is commonly used for cold symptoms in the United States?

Which statement best describes the effect of food intake on acetaminophen absorption?

What adverse effect is specifically documented as a consequence of high acetaminophen doses?

Besides pain relief and fever reduction, what other condition is acetaminophen useful in treating?

What is one reason that acetaminophen is recommended for children with a fever?

What are three types of topical medications listed in the provided table?

Considering its mechanism, why is acetaminophen not considered an ideal treatment for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis?

Name three conditions that acetaminophen effectively treats besides fever reduction according to the text.

What are the generic names for two local injectable anesthetics, mentioned in the text, beside lidocaine?

How would you categorize the onset and duration of acute pain?

What are the three components of the biopsychosocial model, as named here?

Besides musculoskeletal pain, what are two specific concerns related to acetaminophen use?

Why was procaine developed as a substitute for cocaine in local anesthesia?

In what order does the loss of sensation typically occur during treatment with local anesthetics?

What is the main obstacle that local anesthetics must overcome to reach sensory neurons in the epidermis?

What are the potential early symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

What is the main concern regarding the use of a mixture of tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine (TAC) in sports medicine?

Why is acetaminophen considered a better choice than NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain, despite its link to liver damage?

What is Emla cream and what is it used for?

Besides pain relief, what other symptom is acetaminophen effective in treating?

What is the primary difference between how acetaminophen and NSAIDs address inflammation?

What specific organ is most susceptible to toxicity from excessive acetaminophen dosage?

What are the initial symptoms of hepatotoxicity caused by acetaminophen overdose?

What is the maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen, in milligrams, to avoid potential liver damage?

What is the process by which acetaminophen is primarily absorbed into the body?

How does the combination of caffeine affect the absorption and excretion of acetaminophen?

What is an example of a combination medication that contains both acetaminophen and a decongestant?

Why do athletic trainers need to be aware of the acetaminophen content in multiple medications an athlete might be taking?

Besides overdose, what other patient factor can increase the likelihood of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen?

How does acetaminophen provide pain relief in the body, according to the provided information?

What are the two categories of medication that acetaminophen falls under based on its effects?

Which route of administration is most commonly used for acetaminophen in the sports medicine setting?

What effect does acetaminophen have on the underlying inflammation of arthritis?

What characteristic of acetaminophen, related to bleeding concerns, makes it preferable to aspirin?

If a child has a fever of 39°C, should acetaminophen be considered for treatment? Explain why or why not.

Explain the difference in function between a topical counterirritant and a local anesthetic cream, according to the provided text.

If a patient has a headache and arthritis pain, and wants to take only one over-the-counter (OTC) medication, why might acetaminophen be considered a good choice, based on the provided text?

What is the primary reason why topical lidocaine is available in both cream and transdermal patch forms?

The text mentions that acetaminophen is often used with opiates. Why might this combination be used?

Given the provided information, why might a healthcare provider consider using a local injectable anesthetic instead of a topical anesthetic for a deep tissue procedure?

How is the social component, as mentioned, a vital part of the biopsychosocial model when considering a patient's pain management?

What does the text suggest about the role of acetaminophen in comparison to NSAIDs in reducing inflammation?

What specific physiological process is inhibited by acetaminophen to achieve its antipyretic effect?

Besides oral tablets, name two other routes of administration for acetaminophen.

What is the primary mechanism by which caffeine enhances the analgesic effect of acetaminophen?

How does acetaminophen achieve pain relief through its action on the central nervous system (CNS)?

What is the significance of the 3,250 mg/day dosage guideline for acetaminophen, and how does it relate to the maximum daily dose of 4,000 mg?

Besides liver damage, what are the typical initial symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity?

In the context of sports medicine, what is the major concern when athletes take multiple medications that contain acetaminophen?

Explain why acetaminophen is considered a better analgesic choice than NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain despite its potential for liver damage.

What is the primary route by which acetaminophen is absorbed in the body after oral ingestion?

What are the main differences between the pharmacodynamic effects of acetaminophen compared to NSAIDs, in terms of inflammation?

Given its mechanism of action, why is acetaminophen not effective in treating the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

If an athlete were to take both Theraflu and an additional pain killer that contains acetaminophen, what would be a major risk, and what specific dose, per day, should they not cross?

Describe how prior hepatic disease or alcohol use can affect an individual's risk when using acetaminophen.

Explain why it is important to consider acetaminophen dosages in overlapping medications, especially for an athletic trainer (AT)?

Considering the absorption rate of acetaminophen, why can it be taken without regard to meals?

What is the primary reason Andean natives chewed coca leaves for centuries, and how does this relate to the discovery of local anesthetics?

Why does the text state that local anesthetics are absorbed rapidly into the circulation once they have crossed the epidermis?

Why was the mixture of tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine (TAC) replaced by lidocaine and prilocaine mixtures in sports medicine?

Explain why acetaminophen might be preferred over NSAIDs for an athlete with a potential liver injury, despite the link between acetaminophen and liver damage.

Aside from the contraindication during pregnancy, explain the mechanism by which acetaminophen use might lead to breathing difficulty in some asthmatics.

Describe the specific order of sensation loss caused by local anesthetics, as indicated by the text, and explain why this sequence might be important clinically.

Beyond its anesthetic benefits, what specific risk is associated with the administration of local anesthetics into the blood stream, and what are the signs?

Contrast the mechanism of action of local anesthetics with that of acetaminophen, based on the information provided, regarding Aβ-fibers and C-fibers.

Which of the following are trade names for acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is effective in treating both mild to moderate pain and severe pain.

What is the generic name for the drug commonly known as Xylocaine?

Acetaminophen is a ______ analgesic.

Match the following drug classes with their corresponding examples:

Acetaminophen is considered a safe alternative to aspirin for children with fever due to its lack of association with Reye’s Syndrome.

What is one specific concern related to acetaminophen use, besides its potential link to musculoskeletal pain?

Which of the following is a complication associated with acetaminophen use during pregnancy?

Acetaminophen is considered a better analgesic choice than NSAIDs for managing musculoskeletal pain.

What is the primary concern associated with local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Acetaminophen has been reported to cause asthma sensitivity in _____ of people who are aspirin-sensitive asthmatics.

Match the following local anesthetics with their characteristics:

What is one of the earliest symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered and is still widely used today due to its effectiveness.

What is the major obstacle local anesthetics must overcome to reach sensory neurons in the epidermis?

What is the primary effect of acetaminophen in treating arthritis?

Acetaminophen is considered an anti-inflammatory medication.

What is the safe daily dosage of acetaminophen for adults?

Acetaminophen overdose can lead to _____ and liver failure.

Match the medication to its trade name:

What is NOT a characteristic of acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen can be taken without regard to meals.

What organ is most susceptible to toxicity due to high doses of acetaminophen?

Caffeine can enhance the analgesic effects of acetaminophen when combined in products like _____ .

What is a common initial symptom of acetaminophen overdose?

Acetaminophen should be limited to a maximum of 6,000 mg per day to avoid liver damage.

Which common cold medication contains acetaminophen as an active ingredient?

In the sports medicine context, acetaminophen is primarily administered via the _____ route.

Acetaminophen has significant anti-inflammatory activity similar to NSAIDs.

What is the international name for acetaminophen?

One of the three components of the biopsychosocial model is the ______ factor, which includes stress and predisposing factors.

Match the following drug classes with their examples:

According to the information, what is the WHO recommendation for treating fever in children using acetaminophen?

Acute pain is characterized by a slow onset and long duration.

Besides fever, name 2 other conditions that acetaminophen is commonly used to treat.

Which of the following is NOT a typical prodromal symptom of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Acetaminophen is considered a first-line treatment for reducing inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

What is the primary reason that alternatives to TAC (tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine) are now preferred in sports medicine?

Local anesthetics work by blocking sensory neurons in the epidermis known as _ _ _ and C-fibers.

Match the following local anesthetics with their description:

Which of the following is a common complication of acetaminophen use during pregnancy?

Local anesthetics cause a loss of motor function before the sensation of pain disappears.

What is the main barrier that local anesthetics must cross to reach sensory fibers?

What serious complication may occur due to the use of local anesthetics?

Acetaminophen is known to be safe for use during all stages of pregnancy without any concerns.

What is the primary reason procaine was developed?

The first local anesthetic discovered was _____ .

Match the local anesthetic to its primary application:

Which of the following local anesthetics has a prolonged duration of action?

What are the main sensory functions lost during treatment with local anesthetics?

Which drug is commonly used for treating muscle aches and reducing fever?

Acetaminophen has a significant anti-inflammatory effect similar to NSAIDs.

What role does Acetaminophen play in treating fever?

The trade name for Acetaminophen is __________.

Match the following anesthetics with their respective routes of administration:

What is a common side effect of excessive acetaminophen use?

Acetaminophen is known internationally as __________.

Local anesthetics such as lidocaine can be applied as a transdermal patch.

Which of the following is a primary route of acetaminophen administration in the sports medicine setting?

What is the maximum recommended daily dosage of acetaminophen for adults to avoid liver damage?

Acetaminophen is primarily absorbed in the __________.

Match the following acetaminophen product names with their corresponding trade names:

What is a significant adverse effect linked to acetaminophen overdose?

Acetaminophen has a faster onset of action than ibuprofen.

What ingredient can enhance the analgesic effects of acetaminophen when combined in a product?

The liver is essential in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to toxicity from __________ medications.

What initial symptoms may indicate hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose?

Acetaminophen is better tolerated than aspirin primarily due to its anticoagulant properties.

What condition may worsen the risk of hepatotoxicity when taking acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen comes in strengths of __________ mg and __________ mg in the United States.

Match the following acetaminophen-related risks with their explanations:

Which drug is typically classified as a topical counterirritant?

What is a characteristic of acute pain?

Which of the following anesthetics is delivered through a transdermal patch?

What role does acetaminophen primarily serve in treating fever?

Which drug class does lidocaine belong to?

Which of the following medications is NOT typically used in conjunction with opioids for pain management?

What is the primary characteristic of the biopsychosocial model's biological component?

What is a common therapeutic effect of acetaminophen?

Which complication is specifically associated with acetaminophen use in pregnant individuals?

What is a key reason why cocaine was replaced with synthetic substitutes in local anesthetics?

Which local anesthetic formulation is commonly used before suturing small cuts in the sports medicine setting, despite safety concerns?

Which symptom is typically an early indication of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

Why is the stratum corneum a significant barrier for local anesthetics?

Which local anesthetic is often associated with lasting toxicity concerns in sports medicine?

What potential effect does acetaminophen have on individuals with asthma sensitivity?

What is the primary advantage of using acetaminophen over NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain, despite its risks?

What is the recommended safe daily dosage of acetaminophen for adults?

How does acetaminophen primarily relieve pain?

Which of the following medications should ATs monitor closely due to acetaminophen content?

Which of the following best describes acetaminophen’s relationship with inflammation?

What adverse effect can arise from exceeding the recommended dosage of acetaminophen?

Which route of administration is most common for acetaminophen in sports medicine?

How long does it typically take for acetaminophen to exert its effects after oral administration?

Which population is at the highest risk for acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity?

Which of the following is a common early symptom of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity?

Which medication commonly used for cold symptoms contains acetaminophen?

What effect does caffeine have on the absorption of acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen is especially considered safe for use in which demographic?

What should ATs be aware of when administering acetaminophen to athletes?

What is one disadvantage of using acetaminophen for pain management compared to NSAIDs?

Which of the following is NOT an alternative to the TAC mixture?

What is the primary reason for using alternatives to the traditional TAC mixture in sports medicine?

According to this text, what specific risk is associated with the use of acetaminophen in pregnant women?

What is the primary concern associated with the use of local anesthetics once they are absorbed into the circulation?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a typical early symptom of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?

What characteristic of the stratum corneum makes it a significant barrier for topical anesthetics?

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for acetaminophen use in athletes?

What was the original purpose of chewing coca leaves by Andean natives?

What is the primary mechanism through which acetaminophen reduces fever?

What is a significant concern related to the use of acetaminophen in patients with hepatic disease?

Which of these statements accurately describes acetaminophen's role in managing arthritis pain?

How does caffeine affect acetaminophen's absorption and excretion?

What is the recommended safe daily dose of acetaminophen in milligrams for an adult, as per the provided text?

Why is awareness of dosage amounts important when using multiple medications containing acetaminophen?

How does the onset of action for acetaminophen compare to other analgesics in typical use cases?

What is the primary advantage of acetaminophen over aspirin in the context of pain relief?

What is the significance of acetaminophen being an 'OTC' medication?

Which route of administration of acetaminophen is MOST common in a sports medicine setting?

How does the risk of hepatotoxicity related to acetaminophen use tend to differ between individuals with and without certain conditions?

What does the text suggest about the potential benefit of combining acetaminophen with caffeine?

What is the typical presentation of acute hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen overdose?

What is the significance of the half-life of acetaminophen in determining its dosing schedule?

What is the primary concern when an athlete takes a cold medication containing acetaminophen alongside another medication for pain?

What therapeutic characteristic differentiates acetaminophen from NSAIDs?

Which of the following local anesthetics is commonly known as Xylocaine?

What is a common brand name for the topical cream containing lidocaine?

What factor is NOT considered a component of the biopsychosocial model?

Which type of pain is characterized by a sudden onset and typically lasts a short duration?

Which of the following local anesthetics is often used in combination with epinephrine and cocaine?

What is a significant risk associated with excessive doses of acetaminophen?