Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of pain is thought to account for the majority of migraine headaches?
Which type of pain is thought to account for the majority of migraine headaches?
- Vascular pain (correct)
- Neuropathic pain
- Phantom pain
- Referred pain
Which classification of pain is caused by pressure of tumors against nerves, organs, or tissues?
Which classification of pain is caused by pressure of tumors against nerves, organs, or tissues?
- Central pain
- Vascular pain
- Referred pain
- Cancer pain (correct)
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the transformation of stimuli into electrochemical energy?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the transformation of stimuli into electrochemical energy?
- Transduction (correct)
- Transmission
- Nociceptors
- Perception
Which classification of opioid analgesics interacts with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesia?
Which classification of opioid analgesics interacts with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesia?
What is the main indication for opioid analgesics?
What is the main indication for opioid analgesics?
What is the difference between tolerance and physical dependence to opioids?
What is the difference between tolerance and physical dependence to opioids?
What is the opioid ceiling effect?
What is the opioid ceiling effect?
Which of the following is an example of an adjuvant drug for neuropathic pain?
Which of the following is an example of an adjuvant drug for neuropathic pain?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
Which classification of pain is caused by tumors pressing against nerves, organs, or tissues?
Which classification of pain is caused by tumors pressing against nerves, organs, or tissues?
What is the duration of acute pain?
What is the duration of acute pain?
What is the duration of persistent/chronic pain?
What is the duration of persistent/chronic pain?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the movement of pain impulses along pain fibers to activate pain receptors up the spinal cord to the brain?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the movement of pain impulses along pain fibers to activate pain receptors up the spinal cord to the brain?
What is the subjective phenomenon of pain called?
What is the subjective phenomenon of pain called?
Which type of pain is thought to account for the vast majority of migraine headaches?
Which type of pain is thought to account for the vast majority of migraine headaches?
Which type of pain is caused by damage to nerve fibers?
Which type of pain is caused by damage to nerve fibers?
Which of the following is an example of an adjuvant drug for neuropathic pain?
Which of the following is an example of an adjuvant drug for neuropathic pain?
Which type of opioid analgesic acts by depressing pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors?
Which type of opioid analgesic acts by depressing pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors?
What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
Which classification of opioid analgesics binds to receptors causing a weaker pain response compared to full agonists?
Which classification of opioid analgesics binds to receptors causing a weaker pain response compared to full agonists?
What is the main indication for opioid analgesics?
What is the main indication for opioid analgesics?
What is the opioid tolerance?
What is the opioid tolerance?
What is the opioid ceiling effect?
What is the opioid ceiling effect?
What is the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence to opioids?
What is the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence to opioids?
What are the contraindications for opioid analgesics?
What are the contraindications for opioid analgesics?
What are the adverse effects of opioid analgesics?
What are the adverse effects of opioid analgesics?
What is the equianalgesia?
What is the equianalgesia?
Which type of pain is caused by tumors pressing against nerves, organs, or tissues?
Which type of pain is caused by tumors pressing against nerves, organs, or tissues?
What is the main indication for adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain?
What is the main indication for adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the perception of pain as a subjective phenomenon?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the perception of pain as a subjective phenomenon?
What is the duration of persistent/chronic pain?
What is the duration of persistent/chronic pain?
Which classification of pain is thought to account for the vast majority of migraine headaches?
Which classification of pain is thought to account for the vast majority of migraine headaches?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
Which classification of pain is caused by damage to nerve fibers?
Which classification of pain is caused by damage to nerve fibers?
What is the mechanism of action of adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain?
What is the mechanism of action of adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain?
Which type of opioid analgesic acts by interacting with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesia?
Which type of opioid analgesic acts by interacting with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesia?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the transformation of stimuli into electrochemical energy?
Which step in the Gate Theory of pain transmission involves the transformation of stimuli into electrochemical energy?
Which classification of opioid analgesics acts by depressing pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors?
Which classification of opioid analgesics acts by depressing pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors?
What is the primary indication for opioid analgesics?
What is the primary indication for opioid analgesics?
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with opioid analgesics?
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with opioid analgesics?
What is the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence to opioids?
What is the difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence to opioids?
What is the equianalgesia?
What is the equianalgesia?
Which classification of opioid analgesics binds to receptors causing a weaker pain response compared to full agonists?
Which classification of opioid analgesics binds to receptors causing a weaker pain response compared to full agonists?
What is the opioid tolerance?
What is the opioid tolerance?
Which adverse effect of opioid analgesics is the most serious?
Which adverse effect of opioid analgesics is the most serious?
What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
Which type of pain occurs in a body part that has been removed?
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Study Notes
Types of Pain
- Visceral pain is thought to account for the majority of migraine headaches.
- Deafferentation pain is caused by pressure of tumors against nerves, organs, or tissues.
- Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to nerve fibers.
- Phantom pain occurs in a body part that has been removed.
Gate Theory of Pain Transmission
- The first step involves the transformation of stimuli into electrochemical energy.
- The second step involves the movement of pain impulses along pain fibers to activate pain receptors up the spinal cord to the brain.
- The final step involves the perception of pain as a subjective phenomenon.
Opioid Analgesics
- They interact with opioid receptors in the brain to produce analgesia.
- The main indication for opioid analgesics is to relieve moderate to severe pain.
- Opioid tolerance is a state of adaptation in which the dose of a drug must be increased to produce the same effect.
- The opioid ceiling effect is the maximum analgesic effect that can be achieved with a particular opioid analgesic.
Adjuvant Drugs for Neuropathic Pain
- Adjuvant drugs are used to treat neuropathic pain when other treatments are ineffective.
- Examples of adjuvant drugs include gabapentin and pregabalin.
Physical Dependence and Psychological Dependence
- Physical dependence is a state of adaptation that occurs with regular use of opioids, characterized by withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.
- Psychological dependence is a psychological need for the drug, characterized by craving and compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
- The difference between physical dependence and psychological dependence is that physical dependence is a physical need for the drug, while psychological dependence is a psychological need.
Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- Contraindications for opioid analgesics include respiratory depression, acute asthma, and paralytic ileus.
- Adverse effects of opioid analgesics include constipation, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness.
- The most serious adverse effect of opioid analgesics is respiratory depression.
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