Anesthesia: Blood Collection Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of blood collection methods mentioned in the text?

Venous blood collection and arterial blood collection

Name three popular methods of blood collection or sampling.

Arterial Sampling, Venipuncture Sampling, Fingerstick Sampling

What are some possible risks associated with blood drawing?

Pain, bleeding, fainting, bruising, infection, hematoma

What is a capillary sample?

<p>A blood sample collected by pricking the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can capillary blood sampling be used to test for?

<p>Blood glucose, hemoglobin, pH, lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is capillary blood sampling generally performed?

<p>By creating a small cut using a blood lancet, followed by sampling by capillary action on the cut with a test strip or small pipette</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is venous blood?

<p>Deoxygenated blood that flows from tiny capillary blood vessels within the tissues into progressively larger veins to the right side of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a total serum protein test measure?

<p>The total amount of protein in the blood, including the amounts of albumin and globulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is serum?

<p>The fluid and solvent component of blood that does not play a role in clotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of our blood is plasma?

<p>About 55%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plasma mainly composed of?

<p>About 92% water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major groups of proteins measured in a total serum protein test?

<p>Albumin and globulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules can cross the cell membrane by dissolving in the lipid part of the membrane?

<p>Lipid-soluble materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process used by some substances that are unable to diffuse through the semipermeable membrane unaided, such as glucose and amino acids?

<p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal intracellular cation?

<p>Potassium (K+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the unequal concentrations of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions on either side of the plasma membrane?

<p>The sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which active transport mechanism indirectly supports other transport mechanisms such as glucose uptake, and is essential in maintaining the electrical gradient needed to generate action potentials in nerve and muscle cells?

<p>The sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane?

<p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows the cell to bring in fluid through engulfing of particles by extensions of the cytoplasm?

<p>Pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transfer of particles too large to cross cell membranes, which occurs by engulfing the particles forming a membrane-bound vacuole?

<p>Bulk transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is enclosed by its own membrane within the cytosol and has individual and highly specialized functions?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport uses chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to transport substances up their concentration gradient?

<p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of molecules can pass freely across the membrane by simple diffusion due to their small size?

<p>Lipid-soluble materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do carrier protein molecules involved in facilitated diffusion and active transport have that allows them to attract and bind substances to be transferred?

<p>Sites that are specific to each substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure contains a variety of enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?

<p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes present in the cytoplasm?

<p>Synthesizing proteins for use within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a non-dividing cell, what form does DNA take?

<p>A fine network of threads called chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

<p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contains stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs and is larger in cells that synthesize and export proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are membranous sausage-shaped structures in the cytoplasm?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central to aerobic respiration, producing chemical energy in the form of ATP?

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle are some substances able to pass between it and the cytoplasm through tiny pores?

<p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA is involved in protein synthesis and is also found in the nucleus?

<p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental function of membranes in a cell?

<p>To control the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

<p>Consists of two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

<p>It is present in addition to phospholipids and helps maintain membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are phospholipid molecules arranged in the plasma membrane?

<p>Like a sandwich with hydrophilic heads on outer surfaces and hydrophobic tails forming a central layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proteins that extend all the way through the plasma membrane?

<p>They provide channels for the passage of substances across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of protein molecules on the surface of the plasma membrane?

<p>They aid in cell recognition and adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a hydrophilic head of a phospholipid molecule mean?

<p>'Water-loving'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a hydrophobic tail of a phospholipid molecule?

<p>'Water-hating'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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