Anaerobic Glycolysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy yield from glycolysis when utilizing glucose?

  • 1 ATP
  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 3 ATP
  • 4 ATP

    • What is required for glucose to convert to glucose 6-phosphate during glycolysis?

  • Lactate
  • Oxygen
  • Energy (correct)
  • Fructose

    • Which enzyme is identified as a limiting factor in anaerobic glycolysis?

  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase (correct)
  • Pyruvate kinase

    • In what way can lactate be utilized by muscles during exercise?

    <p>Oxidized in the same muscle fiber or transported to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the level of oxygen influence glycolysis?

    <p>Limits glycolysis when in abundance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of enzymatic reactions in the glycolytic process?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process sustains energy needs for efforts lasting between 15 seconds to 2 minutes?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the transport of lactate?

    <p>Transport via MCT transporters to another muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the blood lactate threshold is reached?

    <p>Cells cannot meet energy demands aerobically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During maximal exercise lasting 60 seconds, what occurs in the blood?

    <p>A large accumulation of blood lactate occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aerobic metabolism contribute during intense exercise lasting beyond one minute?

    <p>It provides nearly all of the energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary breakdown product of triglycerides during fat mobilization?

    <p>Glycerol and free fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aerobic exercise have on lactate levels during recovery?

    <p>It accelerates the removal of lactate from the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone directly stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lactate during recovery from maximal exercise?

    <p>It is oxidized at a greater rate than it is produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the blood lactate threshold?

    <p>Muscle cells cannot oxidize lactate efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the energy yield from fats compare to that from glucose?

    <p>It yields 3-4 times more ATP than glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (16C FFA)?

    <p>106 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about blood lactate levels during exercise is correct?

    <p>Lactate accumulates significantly during maximal exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for energy transfer during maximum effort exercises beyond two minutes?

    <p>Aerobic metabolism provides nearly all energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition primarily influences the amount of energy supplied by fats during biological work?

    <p>Nutritional status and exercise intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts free fatty acids into acetyl-CoA for energy production?

    <p>Beta-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hormones in fat mobilization?

    <p>They trigger the breakdown of triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substrate is considered a primary energy source at rest?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle states that adaptations occur only in specifically trained muscles during exercise?

    <p>Specificity of Local Changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to influence individual responses to a given training stimulus?

    <p>Dietary preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to training improvements when an athlete stops training?

    <p>They are gradually lost over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of overload principle, what is essential for enhancing aerobic power?

    <p>Endurance training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does detraining affect metabolic exercise capacity?

    <p>It rapidly reduces metabolic capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the Individual Differences Principle in exercise training?

    <p>Some will show no improved fitness levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which training system primarily utilizes the immediate energy system?

    <p>Weight lifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of applying progressive overload in training?

    <p>To increase the strength and endurance over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component has the greatest impact on total daily energy expenditure?

    <p>Resting metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a RER of 0.70 following intense exercise typically indicate?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

    <p>Exercise frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is true?

    <p>RMR reflects calories burned at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the thermogenic effect of feeding?

    <p>The increased heat production after food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does body composition affect BMR with aging?

    <p>Decreased fat-free mass can lead to reduced BMR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the thermogenic effect of food encompass?

    <p>Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body surface area and BMR?

    <p>BMR varies in proportion to the square of body surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anaerobic Glycolysis

    • Occurs without oxygen, rapidly breaking down glucose or glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate.
    • Requires energy to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, involving 10 enzymatic reactions in the cytoplasm.
    • Produces 2 ATP from glucose and 3 ATP from glycogen for high-intensity activities lasting around 15 seconds.

    Regulation of Anaerobic Glycolysis

    • Glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, PFK) regulate the process, with PFK acting as a limiting enzyme influenced by ATP and ADP levels.
    • Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate levels are crucial for regulating glycolysis.
    • Abundant oxygen availability can limit glycolysis efficiency.

    Lactate Utilization

    • Taitate acts as a metabolic fuel during exercise, utilizing lactate for energy.
    • Muscles can use lactate in three ways: oxidized in the same fibers, transported via MCT transporters to other muscles for oxidation.
    • Lactate shuttle facilitates energy transfer but is inhibited by ATP and activated by ADP.

    Energy from Fat

    • Triglycerides are the main fat energy source, broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs).
    • Fats yield 3 to 4 times more ATP than glucose but are metabolized slower.
    • Fat contributes approximately 30-80% of energy based on nutritional status and physical activity intensity.

    Mobilization of Fats

    • Lipases stimulate fat breakdown, responding to hormonal secretions during energy demands.
    • Blood transports FFAs released from adipocytes to energyactivated muscles.

    Fatty Acid Catabolism

    • Fatty acids convert to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria through β-oxidation for entry into the Krebs cycle.
    • Palmitic acid (16C) produces 8 acetyl-CoA with a net yield of 106 ATP, accounting for an initial expenditure of 2 ATP.
    • Hormonal influences on lipolysis include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucagon, which enhance FFAs mobilization from adipose tissue during exercise.

    Protein Breakdown

    • Blood lactate accumulation occurs during maximal exercise, typically around 60-180 seconds.
    • Blood lactate threshold indicates when muscles cannot meet energy demands, leading to reduced aerobic oxidation rates.

    Aerobic Metabolism

    • Primary energy source beyond one to two minutes of intense exercise.
    • Involves adjustments in strength and immediate energy systems.

    Training Principles

    • Individualized training programs for varied responses based on genetics and metabolic differences.
    • Overload principle applies to training adaptations, enhancing aerobic power in specifically trained muscles.
    • Reversibility principle: Detraining occurs rapidly, with significant losses in fitness within 1-2 weeks.

    Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

    • Metabolism encompasses all reactions related to biomolecules, involving anabolism and catabolism.
    • Factors influencing TDEE include resting metabolic rate (largest contributor), thermic effect of food, and energy expenditure during physical activity.

    Basal and Resting Metabolic Rates

    • Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the minimum energy required for vital functions.
    • Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is slightly higher than BMR, reflecting caloric burn at rest.
    • Influences on metabolic rates include body size, composition, and hormonal factors with variations observed based on age and body fat percentage.

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    EXSS 376 Exam 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anaerobic glycolysis and the rapid conversion of glucose to energy without oxygen. This quiz covers the steps involved in glycolysis, including the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. Challenge yourself to deepen your understanding of this essential metabolic pathway.

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