Anaerobic vs Aerobic Glycolysis

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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is bypassed in the liver due to the manner in which fructose is processed?

  • Phosphofructokinase (correct)
  • Hexokinase
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Lactase

What does glycolysis primarily provide in muscle?

  • Regulation of fatty acid synthesis
  • Breakdown of amino acids
  • Energy for muscle contraction (correct)
  • Building blocks for biosynthetic processes

What determines the control of glycolysis in muscle?

  • Energy state of the cell (ATP:AMP ratio) (correct)
  • Presence of lactate
  • Amount of galactose metabolism
  • Ratio of fructose to glucose

Which tissue has several fundamental differences in the regulation of glycolysis compared to muscle?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructose-1,6-bisP in glycolysis?

<p>It is a clear indication of increased flux through the pathway. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does pyruvate kinase activity increase when there is a rise in fructose-1,6-bisP?

<p>To handle the increased flux through the pathway. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue primarily obtains its energy needs from the breakdown of fatty acids?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major function of the liver related to glucose?

<p>Convert glucose to glycogen for storage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver use glucose for biosynthesis?

<p>By converting it to NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is described as the most important control point in mammalian glycolysis?

<p>Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ATP have on the catalytic activity of phosphofructokinase?

<p>Inhibits it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hexokinase not considered the control point in the glycolysis pathway?

<p>It is the first step in glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule competes with ATP for binding to the same site on phosphofructokinase?

<p>AMP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is pyruvate kinase allosterically activated by fructose-1,6-bisP?

<p>To promote glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major point of regulation in Liver Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?

<p>Citrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do ATP and pH play less of a role in regulating PFK in the liver compared to muscle?

<p>Liver doesn't have sudden intense needs like contracting muscle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique response of liver glycolysis to high blood sugar levels?

<p>Increased flux through glycolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructose-6-P in liver glycolysis?

<p>Activates the enzyme PFK (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does citrate affect glycolysis regulation in the liver?

<p>Indicates biosynthetic precursor abundance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the main regulatory point of glycolysis?

<p>Phosphofructokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pH level, reached during extreme exercise, inhibits phosphofructokinase?

<p>6.3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound serves as the entry point into the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain?

<p>Pyruvate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is commonly found in sucrose and corn syrup?

<p>Fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is NAD+ regenerated in the pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion?

<p>By the electron transport chain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the pathway from glucose to pyruvate is referred to as anaerobic glycolysis?

<p>It involves the conversion of glucose to pyruvate without the need for oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem would arise in the cell if the conversion of glucose to pyruvate stopped and did not proceed further?

<p>Imbalance in the redox state due to NAD+ consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is consumed in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase in glycolysis?

<p>NAD+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible fate of pyruvate when oxygen is not available?

<p>Conversion to ethanol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol contribute to metabolic regulation?

<p>It affects the redox balance by regenerating NAD+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is glycolysis usually studied first among many metabolic pathways?

<p>It is found in nearly all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Cytosol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of glycolysis?

<p>Two molecules of pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function does glycolysis NOT serve?

<p>NADPH production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for starting the study of metabolism with glycolysis?

<p>Glycolysis is central to metabolism and energy production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular compartment houses the enzymes responsible for glycolysis?

<p>Cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If fructose bypasses an enzyme in the liver, which enzyme is bypassed?

<p>Phosphofructokinase-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of glycolysis intermediates?

<p>Energy storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when glucose is transported into a eukaryotic cell with respect to glycolysis?

<p>The pathway immediately starts converting glucose to pyruvate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes glycolysis an essential pathway in glucose metabolism?

<p>Its role in generating energy in the form of ATP. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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