Anaerobic vs Aerobic Glycolysis

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Which enzyme is bypassed in the liver due to the manner in which fructose is processed?

Phosphofructokinase (correct)

Hexokinase

Pyruvate kinase

Lactase

What does glycolysis primarily provide in muscle?

Regulation of fatty acid synthesis

Breakdown of amino acids

Energy for muscle contraction (correct)

Building blocks for biosynthetic processes

What determines the control of glycolysis in muscle?

Energy state of the cell (ATP:AMP ratio) (correct)

Presence of lactate

Amount of galactose metabolism

Ratio of fructose to glucose

Which tissue has several fundamental differences in the regulation of glycolysis compared to muscle?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructose-1,6-bisP in glycolysis?

It is a clear indication of increased flux through the pathway. Signup and view all the answers

Why does pyruvate kinase activity increase when there is a rise in fructose-1,6-bisP?

To handle the increased flux through the pathway. Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue primarily obtains its energy needs from the breakdown of fatty acids?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is one major function of the liver related to glucose?

Convert glucose to glycogen for storage. Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver use glucose for biosynthesis?

By converting it to NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is described as the most important control point in mammalian glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ATP have on the catalytic activity of phosphofructokinase?

Inhibits it Signup and view all the answers

Why is hexokinase not considered the control point in the glycolysis pathway?

It is the first step in glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule competes with ATP for binding to the same site on phosphofructokinase?

AMP Signup and view all the answers

Why is pyruvate kinase allosterically activated by fructose-1,6-bisP?

To promote glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the major point of regulation in Liver Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?

Citrate Signup and view all the answers

Why do ATP and pH play less of a role in regulating PFK in the liver compared to muscle?

Liver doesn't have sudden intense needs like contracting muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique response of liver glycolysis to high blood sugar levels?

Increased flux through glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructose-6-P in liver glycolysis?

Activates the enzyme PFK Signup and view all the answers

How does citrate affect glycolysis regulation in the liver?

Indicates biosynthetic precursor abundance Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is the main regulatory point of glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase Signup and view all the answers

What pH level, reached during extreme exercise, inhibits phosphofructokinase?

6.3 Signup and view all the answers

Which compound serves as the entry point into the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is commonly found in sucrose and corn syrup?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

How is NAD+ regenerated in the pyruvate to acetyl CoA conversion?

By the electron transport chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the pathway from glucose to pyruvate is referred to as anaerobic glycolysis?

It involves the conversion of glucose to pyruvate without the need for oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What problem would arise in the cell if the conversion of glucose to pyruvate stopped and did not proceed further?

Imbalance in the redox state due to NAD+ consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is consumed in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase in glycolysis?

NAD+ Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible fate of pyruvate when oxygen is not available?

Conversion to ethanol Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol contribute to metabolic regulation?

It affects the redox balance by regenerating NAD+ Signup and view all the answers

Why is glycolysis usually studied first among many metabolic pathways?

It is found in nearly all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Two molecules of pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

Which function does glycolysis NOT serve?

NADPH production Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for starting the study of metabolism with glycolysis?

Glycolysis is central to metabolism and energy production. Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular compartment houses the enzymes responsible for glycolysis?