Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration

What is produced in the anaerobic pathway when oxygen is limited?

Anaerobic respiration occurs in all cells regardless of the presence of oxygen.

What is the net energy yield from anaerobic glycolysis?

In aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the _______ cycle.

Match the following processes with their respective outputs:

Which of the following correctly describes the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

Erythrocytes can perform aerobic respiration due to the presence of mitochondria.

What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Anaerobic Respiration

When oxygen is limited or absent, pyruvate enters an anaerobic pathway, converting to lactic acid.
This pathway generates additional ATP, keeping pyruvate levels low to sustain glycolysis.
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, crucial for glycolysis.
Lactic acid replaces oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Occurs in most body cells lacking oxygen or functioning mitochondria, like red blood cells.
Effective for short-term ATP production (seconds to minutes).
Lactic acid diffuses into the bloodstream, processed by the liver back to pyruvate or glucose (Cori cycle).
In exercise, muscles rely on rapid ATP production via glycolysis and lactic acid generation when oxygen delivery is inadequate.
The net energy yield of glucose oxidation via anaerobic glycolysis is 2 ATP.

Aerobic Respiration

With oxygen present, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle.
Energy is extracted as electrons are transferred from pyruvate to NAD+, GDP, and FAD producing carbon dioxide.
NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain.
The electron transport chain uses this energy to generate ATP.
Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor, creating water.
The net energy yield of glucose oxidation via aerobic glycolysis is 2 ATP + 2 NADH + H = 2ATP + (2 x 3 ATP) = 8 ATP.

This quiz covers the essential processes of anaerobic and aerobic respiration, highlighting the pathways of pyruvate conversion in both scenarios. Explore the differences in ATP production and the role of various electron acceptors. Perfect for understanding cellular respiration mechanisms in biology.