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What is the mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?
What is the mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?
- Inhibiting the synthesis of fungal proteins
- Activating the host's immune response against fungal infections
- Forming pores in fungal cell membranes that disrupt membrane function (correct)
- Inhibiting the synthesis of fungal cell walls
What is the primary route of excretion of Amphotericin B?
What is the primary route of excretion of Amphotericin B?
- Sweat
- Bile
- Faeces
- Urine (correct)
What is the purpose of premedication with a corticosteroid or antipyretic before administering Amphotericin B?
What is the purpose of premedication with a corticosteroid or antipyretic before administering Amphotericin B?
- To mitigate the risk of nephrotoxicity
- To prevent allergic reactions
- To enhance the antifungal activity
- To reduce the risk of infusion-related reactions (correct)
What is the significance of the low therapeutic index of Amphotericin B?
What is the significance of the low therapeutic index of Amphotericin B?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amphotericin B against fungal cells?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amphotericin B against fungal cells?
What is the significance of adequate hydration in patients receiving Amphotericin B?
What is the significance of adequate hydration in patients receiving Amphotericin B?
What is the effect of Amphotericin B on fungal cells?
What is the effect of Amphotericin B on fungal cells?
What is the purpose of co-formulating Amphotericin B with sodium deoxycholate or artificial lipids?
What is the purpose of co-formulating Amphotericin B with sodium deoxycholate or artificial lipids?
What is the effect of other nephrotoxic drugs on the risk of nephrotoxicity associated with Amphotericin B?
What is the effect of other nephrotoxic drugs on the risk of nephrotoxicity associated with Amphotericin B?
What is the type of antifungal agent that Amphotericin B is classified as?
What is the type of antifungal agent that Amphotericin B is classified as?
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Study Notes
Amphotericin B
- Derived from Streptomyces nodosus, a naturally occurring polyene antifungal
- Used to treat life-threatening mycoses
Mechanism of Action
- Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes
- Forms pores that disrupt membrane function, causing leakage of electrolytes and small molecules
- Ultimately leads to cell death
- Exhibits both fungicidal and fungistatic properties
Spectrum of Activity
- Effective against a broad range of fungi, including:
- Candida albicans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Coccidioides immitis
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Various strains of Aspergillus
- Also used to treat leishmaniasis
Pharmacokinetics
- Administered through slow IV infusion
- Insoluble in water, requires co-formulation with sodium deoxycholate or artificial lipids
- Extensively bound to plasma proteins
- Distributed throughout the body
- Excreted primarily in the urine over an extended period
- Limited penetration into certain body fluids
Adverse Effects
- Low therapeutic index
- Fever and chills:
- Occur 1-3 hours after IV administration
- Premedication with corticosteroid or antipyretic recommended
- Renal impairment:
- Azotemia exacerbated by other nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycosides, cyclosporine, vancomycin)
- Adequate hydration can decrease severity
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